Major Sectors and Processes

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 01:02

Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Aromatic: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short Term Exposure	ICSC Long Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
BENZAL CHLORIDE 98-87-3	eyes; skin; resp tract;CNS		Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, nausea, sore throat Skin: redness, irritant pain, irritant Eyes: redness, irritant pain Ingestion: burning sensation, vomiting
BENZATHONIUM CHLORIDE 121-54-0	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, corneal damage Ingestion: diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, collapse, convulsions, coma
BENZENE CHLORIDE 108-90-7	lungs	skin; CNS; blood; liver; kidneys; malformations in human babies	Inhalation: drowsiness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, roughness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain	resp sys; eyes; skin; CNS; liver Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose; drow, inco; CNS depres; in animals: liver, lung, kidney inj
BENZYL CHLORIDE 100-44-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS	liver; kidneys; human reproduction	Inhalation: Burning sensation, cough, nausea, headache, shortness of breath, dizziness. Skin: Redness, pain may be absorbed Eyes: Redness, pain, blurred vision, corneal injury or permanent eye damage, severe deep burns. Ingestion: Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, burning sensation behind the breastbone.	Eyes; resp sys; skin; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose; weak; irrity; head; skin eruption, pulm edema
CHLORINATED CAMPHENE 8001-35-2	CNS		Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: convulsions, dizziness, nausea, vomiting	Skin; CNS (in animals: liver cancer) Inh; abs; ing; con	Nau, conf, agitation, tremor, convuls, uncon; dry, red skin; (carc)
COUMARIN 91-64-5	blood
DDT 50-29-3				CNS; kidneys; liver; skin; eyes; PNS (in animals: liver, lung & lymphatic tumors) Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin; pares tongue, lips, face; tremor; appre, dizz, conf, mal, head, ftg; convuls; paresis hands; vomit; (carc)
p-DICHLOROBENZENE 106-46-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; liver; kidneys	liver; kidneys; lungs; skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, drowsiness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, vomiting Skin: redness Eyes: pain Ingestion: burning sensation, convulsions, diarrhoea	Liver; resp sys; eyes; kidneys; skin (in animals: liver & kidney cancer) Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, swell periorb; profuse rhinitis; head, anor, nau, vomit; low-wgt, jaun, cirr; in animals: liver, kidney inj; (carc)
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 118-74-1		liver; skin; CNS	Skin: may be absorbed
PENTACHLOROBENZENE 608-93-5	CNS	kidneys; liver; reproduction system	Inhalation: see ingestion Ingestion: vomiting, weakness, tremor
PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE 1321-64-8	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; liver	Inhalation: sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain	Liver; skin; CNS Inh; abs; ing; con	Head, ftg, verti, anor; pruritus, acne-form skin eruptions; jaun, liver nec
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (AROCLOR 1254) 11097-69-1	eyes	skin; liver	Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, chloracne Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: headache, numbness, fever	Skin; eyes; liver; repro sys (in animals: tumors of the pituitary gland & liver, leukemia) Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes; chloracne; liver damage; repro effects; (carc)
TEREPHTHALOYL CHLORIDE 100-20-9	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough, nausea Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: burning sensation, cough, vomiting
1,2,4,5-TETRACHLOROBENZENE 95-94-3	skin; resp tract		Inhalation: burning sensation,cough shortness of breath Ingestion: dizziness, nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE 120-82-1	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: Redness, roughness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: vomiting	Eyes; skin; repro sys; liver; resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; in animals: liver, kidney damage; possible terato effects
1,3,5-TRICHLOROBENZENE 108-70-3	skin; resp tract; lungs	skin; liver;kidneys	Inhalation: cough, dullness, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain, defats the skin Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, sore throat
TRICHLOROMETHYLBENZENE 98-07-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, dullness, shortness of breath, sore throat, unconsciousness, symptoms of delayed effects Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, loss of vision
TRICHLORONAPHTHALENE 1321-65-9	eyes; skin	skin; liver	Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: nausea, vomiting	Skin; liver Inh; abs; ing; con	Anor, nau; verti; jaun, liver inj

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 01:01

Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Aromatic: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
98873	BENZAL CHLORIDE	Benzyl dichloride; Benzylene chloride; Benzylidene chloride; Chlorobenzal UN1886	98-87-3
121540	BENZATHONIUM CHLORIDE	Benzethonium; BZT; DIAPP; Diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride	121-54-0
108907	BENZENE CHLORIDE	Chlorbenzene; Chlorbenzol; Chlorobenzene; Monochlorbenzene; Monochlorobenzene; Phenyl chloride UN1134	108-90-7
98884	BENZOYL CHLORIDE	Benzenecarbonyl chloride; Benzoic acid chloride; Benzoyl chloride UN1736	98-88-4
100390	BENZYL BROMIDE	a-Bromotoluene (bromomethyl)benzene; Bromophenylmethane; p-(Bromomethyl)nitrobenzene UN1737	100-39-0
100447	BENZYL CHLORIDE	Chloromethylbenzene; Chlorophenylmethane; a-Chlorotoluene; Tolyl chloride UN1738	100-44-7
501531	BENZYL CHLOROFORMATE	Benzylcarbonyl chloride; Benzyl chlorocarbonate; Benzyl chloroformate; BZCF; Carbobenzoxy chloride UN1739	501-53-1
108861	BROMOBENZENE	Bromobenzene; monobromobenzene; Phenyl bromide UN2514	108-86-1
8001352	CHLORINATED CAMPHENE	Toxaphene ; Chlorocamphene; Octachlorocamphene; PCC	8001-35-2
510156	CHLOROBENZILATE	4,4'-Dichlorobenzilate; 4,4'-Dichlorobenzilic acid ethyl ester; Ethyl p,p'-dichlorobenzilate; Ethyl 4,4'-dichlorobenzilate	510-15-6
1667114	4-CHLOROMETHYL BIPHENYL	4-(Chloromethyl)-1'-biphenyl; 4-CMB; p-Phenylbenzyl chloride; 4-Phenylbenzyl chloride	1667-11-4
90131	1-CHLORONAPHTHALENE	a-Chloronaphthalene	90-13-1
95498	o-CHLOROTOLUENE	1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene; 2-Chloro-1-methylbenzene; o-Chlorotoluene; 2-Chlorotoluene; 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene; 2-Methylchlorobenzene UN2238	95-49-8
91645	COUMARIN		91-64-5
50293	DDT	Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ; 2,2-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-Trichloroethane; Chlorophenothane; Diphenyltrichloroethane; Parachlorocidum; Trichlorobis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane	50-29-3
95501	o-DICHLOROBENZENE	1,2-Xichlorobenzene; Orthodichlorobenzene; Orthodichlorobenzol UN1591	95-50-1
541731	m-DICHLOROBENZENE	1,3-Dichlorobenzene; m-Dichlorobenzol; m-Phenylenedichloride	541-73-1
106467	p-DICHLOROBENZENE	p-Chlorophenyl chloride; Dichloricide; p-Dichlorobenzene; 1,4-Dichlorobenzene; p-Dichlorobenzol; Paradichlorobenzene; Paradichlorobenzol; 1592	106-46-7
118741	HEXACHLOROBENZENE	Granox NM; HCB; Hexa C.B.; Julin's carbon chloride; Pentachlorophenyl chloride; Perchlorobenzene; Phenyl perchloryl UN2729	118-74-1
1335871	HEXACHLORONAPHTHALENE	Halowax 1014	1335-87-1
70304	HEXACHLOROPHENE	Bis(2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenyl)methane; Bis(3,5,6-trichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 2,2'-Methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol) UN2875	70-30-4
27858077	OCTABROMOBIPHENYL	Octabromodiphenyl	27858-07-7
2234131	OCTACHLORONAPHTHALENE		2234-13-1
1321648	PENTACHLORONAPHTHALENE		1321-64-8
608935	PENTACHLOROBENZENE	PCB; QCB	608-93-5
59536651	POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS	Biphenyl, hexabromo- (technical grade); Hexabromobiphenyl (technical grade); PBBs	59536-65-1
53469219	POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (AROCLOR 1242)	Chlorodiphenyl (42% chlorine)	53469-21-9
11097691	POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (AROCLOR 1254)	Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) ; Chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine); PCB	11097-69-1
100209	TEREPHTHALOYL CHLORIDE	1,4-Benzenedicarbonyl chloride; 1,4-Benzenedicarbonyl dichloride; p-Phenylenedicarbonyl dichloride; Terephthalic acid chloride; Terephthalic acid dichloride	100-20-9
95943	1,2,4,5TETRACHLOROBENZENE	Benzene tetrachloride; sym-Tetrachlorobenzene	95-94-3
1335882	TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE	Halowax; Tetrachloronaphthalene	1335-88-2
1746016	2,3,7,8TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN	Dioxine; TCDBD; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; 2,3,7,8-Ttetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin; Tetradioxin	1746-01-6
87616	1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE	vic-Trichlorobenzene; 1,2,6-Trichlorobenzene	87-61-6
120821	1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE	1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene; 1,2,5-Trichlorobenzene; 1,3,4-Trichlorobenzene; 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzol	120-82-1
108703	1,3,5-TRICHLOROBENZENE	sym-Trichlorobenzene	108-70-3
98077	TRICHLOROMETHYLBENZENE	Benzenyl chloride; Benzenyl trichloride; Benzoic trichloride; Benzotrichloride; Benzylidyne chloride; Benzyl trichloride UN2226	98-07-7
1321659	TRICHLORONAPHTHALENE	Halowax; Nibren wax; Seekay wax; Trichloronaphthalene	1321-65-9

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:53

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (°C)	Auto Ignition Point (°C)
BENZENE 71-43-2	clear, colourless liquid; rhombic prisms	80	5.5	78.11	sl sol	0.8765	2.7	10	1.3 ll 7.1 ul	-11cc	500
BIPHENYL 92-52-4	white scales; leaflets from dil alcohol; colourless leaflets	256	69	154.20	insol	1.041	5.31	@ 71 °C	@ 232 mm Hg 5.8	113 cc	540
p-tert-BUTYLTOLUENE 98-51-1	clear, colourless liquid	193	-52	148.2	insol	0.8612	4.62	@ 25 °C
o-CHLOROSTYRENE 2039-87-4	liquid	188.7	-63.1	138.60		1.1000		@ 25 °C
CUMENE 98-82-8	colourless liquid	152.4	-96.0	120.19	insol	0.862	4.2	@ 38.3 °C	0.9 ll 6.5 ul
p-CYMENE 99-87-6	colourless liquid	177.1	-67.94	134.2	insol	0.8573	4.62	0.2	0.7 ll 5.6 ul	47 cc	436
DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE 91-17-8	clear colourless liquid	155.5	-43	138.24	0.9 ppm	0.8965	4.8	@ 25 °C	@ 100 °C ul	58 cc	250; 255 trans-isomer
DIETHYLBENZENE 25340-17-4	liquid	181-184	<-20		insol	0.9	4.6	0.13	0.8 ll 5 ul	56	395-450
DIVINYLBENZENE 1321-74-0	colourless liquid	195	-66.9- -52	130.19	insol	0.9	4.48	@ 32.7 °C	1.1 ll 6.2 ul	169 oc	500
DODECYLBENZENE 123-01-3	colourless liquid	328	3	246.4	insol	0.9	8.47	< 10 Pa		1406
ETHYLBENZENE 100-41-4	colourless liquid	136	-95	106.16	insol	0.8670	3.66	0.9	1.6 ll 7 ul	128 cc	432
1-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE 1127-76-0		258.6	-13.9	156.22	insol	1.0082
2-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE 939-27-5		258	-7.4	156.22	insol	0.9922
INDENE 95-13-6	liquid; yellow needles	182	-1.8	116.15	insol	0.9968
D-LIMONENE 5989-27-5	liquid	178	-74.35	136.23	insol	0.8411	4.7	@ 14.4 °C	@ 302 °C ul	48	237
L-LIMONENE 5989-54-8		177.5		136.23		0.8422
LIMONENE 138-86-3	colourless mobile liquid	175.5-176.5	-95.5	136.23	@ 25 °C	0.8402	4.7	@ 68.2 °C	0.7 ll 6.1 ul	45 cc	237
METHYLSTYRENE 25013-15-4	colourless liquid	170-171	-76.67	118.18	insol	@ 25 °C /25 °C	4.08	0.15	0.8 ll 11 ul	544	494
a-METHYLSTYRENE 98-83-9	colourless liquid	164	-23.2	118.2	insol	0.91	4.08	29 Pa	0.9 ll 6.6 ul	8389 cc	574
o-METHYLSTYRENE 611-15-4	liquid	170	-69	118.17	insol	0.91	4.1			51
m-METHYLSTYRENE 100-80-1	liquid	172	-86.3	118.17	insol	0.91	4.1
p-METHYLSTYRENE 622-97-9	colourless liquid	173	-34	118.2	insol	0.8764	4.1	<0.1	1.1 ll 5.3 ul	45	515
NAPHTHALENE	white, crystalline flakes or solid; white scales, balls, powder or cakes; monoclinic plates from alcohol	217.9	80.2	128.16	insol	1.0253	4.42	0.01	0.9 ll 5.9. ul		526
METHYLNAPHTHALENE 1321-94-4	colouless liquid	241-244	-22	142.21	insol	1.0				82-97
PROPENYLBENZENE 873-66-5	liquid	175	-29.3	118.2	insol	0.911	4.1		0.9 ll ? ul	53
n-PROPYLBENZENE 103-65-1	colorless liquid	159.2 ° C at 760 mm Hg	-99.2	120.19	0.06 g/l	@ 20 ° C/4 ° C	4.14	1 mm Hg at 6.3 ° C	0.8-6%
STYRENE 100-42-5	colourless to yellowish, oily liquid; viscous liquid; solventy, rubbery	145	-31	104.14	insol	0.906	3.6	0.7	0.9 ll 6.8 ul	344-367	490
1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE 119-64-2	colourless liquid	207.6	-35.7	132.20	insol	0.9702	4.6	@ 25 °C	@ 150 °C ul	77 oc 82 cc
TOLUENE 108-88-3	colourless liquid	111	-95	92.13	insol	0.866	3.2	2.9	1.2 ll 7.1 ul	4 cc	480
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 108-67-8	liquid; clear, colourless	164.7	-44.7	120.19	insol	0.8637	1.006	1.86 mm Hg
o-XYLENE 95-47-6	colourless liquid	144	-25	106.16	insol	0.880	3.7	0.7	1.0 ll 7.0 ul	32 cc	463
m-XYLENE 108-38-3	clear, colourless liquid; mobile	139.3	-47.8	106.17	insol	@ 15 °C/4 °C	3.7	@ -47.9 °C	1.1 ll 7.0 ul	27 cc	527
p-XYLENE 106-42-3	colourless plates or prisms at low temp; colourless liquid	138.3	13	106.2	insol	0.861	3.7	0.9	1.1 ll 7.0 ul	27 cc	528

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:51

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
BENZENE 71-43-2	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	Reacts violently with oxidants and halogens causing fire and explosion hazard	3
BIPHENYL 92-52-4	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and acrid smokes, and fumes • Reacts with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard
p-tert-BUTYLTOLUENE 98-51-1			6.1
CUMENE 98-82-8			3
p-CYMENE 99-87-6	The vapour is heavier than air	Reacts with oxidants • Attacks rubber	3
DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE 91-17-8			3
DIETHYLBENZENE 25340-17-4	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3
DIVINYL BENZENE 1321-74-0		The substance can polymerize due to heating with fire or explosion hazard • Reacts violently with oxidants
DODECYL BENZENE 123-01-3	The vapour is heavier than air
ETHYL BENZENE 100-41-4			3
D-LIMONENE 5989-27-5		On combustion, forms toxic gases Cox • Tends to oxidize on prolonged exposure
L-LIMONENE 5989-54-8			3
p-METHYLSTYRENE 622-97-9	The vapour is heavier than air	The substance if not stabilized will polymerize • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • Reacts with strong oxidants and strong acids	3
METHYLNAPHTHALENE 1321-94-4		The substance decomposes on heating producing irritating fumes
METHYLSTYRENE 25013-15-4		The substance if not stabilized will polymerize with generation of heat • Catalysts such as peroxides, strong acids, or aluminum chloride should be avoided • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide) • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidants	3
a-METHYLSTYRENE 98-83-9	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide • Reacts with strong oxidants	3
o-METHYLSTYRENE 611-15-4		The substance if not stabilized will polymerize • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide) • Reacts with strong oxidants and strong acids	3
m-METHYLSTYRENE 100-80-1		The substance if not stabilized will polymerize • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide) • Reacts with strong oxidants and strong acids	3
PROPENYLBENZENE, 873-66-5	The vapour is heavier than air	The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide) • Reacts with strong oxidants
STYRENE 100-42-5	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can form explosive peroxides • The substance may polymerize due to warming, under the influence of light and on contact with many compounds such as oxygen, oxidizing agents, peroxides and strong acids with fire or explosion hazard • The substance decomposes on burning producing toxic fumes, styrene oxide • Attacks copper and copper alloys	3
TOLUENE 108-88-3	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	Reacts violently with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE 108-67-8			3
o-XYLENE 95-47-6	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	Reacts violently with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3
m-XYLENE 108-38-3	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	Reacts violently with strong oxidants such as nitric acid	3
p-XYLENE 106-42-3	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	Reacts violently with strong oxidants such as nitric acid	3

For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; 7 = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:49

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
BENZENE 71-43-2	skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin; blood; liver; immune system	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, convulsions, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin Ingestion: abdominal pain, sore throat, vomiting	blood; CNS; skin; bone marrow; eyes; resp sysinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, resp sys; gidd; head, nau, staggered gait; ftg, anor, lass; derm; bone marrow depres; (carc)
BIPHENYL 92-52-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; liver	skin; CNS ; liver	Inhalation: cough, nausea, vomiting Eyes: redness, pain	liver; skin; CNS; upper resp sys; eyesinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, throat; head, nau, ftg, numb limbs; liver damage
p-tert-BUTYLTOLUENE 98-51-1				CVS; CNS; skin; bone marrow; eyes; upper resp sys; liver; kidneysinh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin; dry nose, throat; head; low BP, tacar, abnor CVS stress; CNS, hemato depres; metallic taste; liver, kidney inj
CUMENE 98-82-8				eyes; upper resp sys; skin; CNSinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; derm; head, narco, coma
p-CYMENE 99-87-6	eyes; skin		Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, inhalation
DIETHYLBENZENE 25340-17-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin; kidneys; liver	Inhalation: dizziness, dullness, headache, nausea Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal cramps, dizziness, dullness, headache, nausea
DIVINYL BENZENE 1321-74-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness	eyes; skin; resp sys; bloodinh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; skin burns; in animals: CNS depres
DODECYL BENZENE 123-01-3	skin; eyes	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, irritant Eyes: redness, irritantIngestion: nausea
ETHYL BENZENE 100-41-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin		eyes; upper resp sys; skin; CNSinh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; head; derm; narco; coma
D-LIMONENE 5989-27-5	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness
METHYL NAPHTHALENE 1321-94-4	eyes; resp tract		Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness
METHYLSTYRENE 25013-15-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS	skin; liver	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting	eyes; skin; resp tract inh, ing, con	Eyes, skin, resp sys, CNS
a-METHYL STYRENE 98-83-9	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough, sore throat	eyes; resp tract; skininh, ing, con	Eyes, skin, resp sys, CNS
o-METHYLSTYRENE 611-15-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; kidneys; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, irritant Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
m-METHYLSTYRENE 100-80-1	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
p-METHYLSTYRENE 622-97-9	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin irritant Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.
NAPHTHALENE 91-20-3				eyes; blood; liver; kidneys; skin; CNSinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes; head, conf, excitement, mal; nau, vomit, pain; irrit bladder; profuse sweat; jaun; hema, hemog, renal shutdown; derm; optical neuritis, corn damage
PROPENYLBENZENE 873-66-5	skin
STYRENE 100-42-5	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin; lungs; CNS	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, weakness Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain	CNS; resp sys; eyes; skininh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, nose; resp sys; head, ftg, dizz, conf, mal, drow, weak, unsteady gait; narco; defatting derm; possible liver inj, repro effects
TOLUENE 108-88-3	eyes; resp tract; lungs; CNS; CVS	skin; CNS ; heart	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation	CNS; liver; kidneys; skin; eyes; resp sysinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, nose; ftg, weak, conf, euph, dizz, head; dilated pupils, lac; ner, musc ftg, insom; pares; derm; liver, kidney damage
o-XYLENE 95-47-6	throat; eyes; lungs; CNS	skin; lungs ; CNS	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unconsciousness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS; GI tract; blood; liver; kidneysinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; dizz, excitement, drow, inco, staggering gait; corn vacuolization; anor, nau, vomit, abdom pain; derm
m-XYLENE 108-38-3	throat; eyes; lungs; CNS	skin; lungs; CNS	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unconsciousness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS; GI tract; blood; liver; kidneysinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; dizz, excitement, drow, inco, staggering gait; corn vacuolization; anor, nau, vomit, abdom pain; derm
p-XYLENE 106-42-3	throat; eyes; lungs; CNS	skin; lungs; CNS	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unconsciousness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS; GI tract; blood; liver; kidneysinh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; dizz, excitement, drow, inco, staggering gait; corn vacuolization; anor, nau, vomit, abdom pain; derm

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:41

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN code	CAS-Number
71432	BENZENE	Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole UN1114	71-43-2
92524	BIPHENYL	Bibenzene; 1,1'-Biphenyl; Diphenyl; Lemonene; Phenylbenzene	92-52-4
98511	p-tert-BUTYLTOLUENE	p-Methyl-tert-butylbenzene; 1-Methyl-4-tert-butylbenzene; TBT	98-51-1
98828	CUMENE	Isopropyl benzene; (1-Methylethyl)benzene; 2-Phenylpropane UN1918	98-82-8
99876	p-CYMENE	p-Isopropylmethylbenzene; 4-Isopropyl-1-methylbenzene; p-Isopropyltoluene; p-Methylisopropyl benzene	99-87-6
91178	DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE	Decahydronaphthalene; Naphthalane; Naphthane; Perhydronaphthalene UN1147	91-17-8
25340174	DIETHYL BENZENE	Diethyl benzene; Diethylbenzol UN2049	25340-17-4
1321740	DIVINYL BENZENE	Vinylstyrene	1321-74-0
123013	DODECYL BENZENE	1-Phenyldodecane	123-01-3
100414	ETHYL BENZENE	Ethyl benzene; Ethylbenzol; Phenylethane UN1175	100-41-4
1127760	1-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE		1127-76-0
939275	2-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE		939-27-5
95136	INDENE	Indonaphthene	95-13-6
138863	LIMONENE	Dipentene; p-Mentha-1,8-diene ; p-Menthane; 1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-Cyclohexene; Nesol UN2052	138-86-3
5989275	D-LIMONENE	Cyclohexene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-; Cyclohexene, 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)	5989-27-5
5989548	L-LIMONENE	Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (s)-; p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (s)-(-)	5989-54-8
1321944	METHYL NAPHTHALENE		1321-94-4
25013154	METHYLSTYRENE	Vinyltoluene UN2618	25013-15-4
98839	a-METHYL STYRENE	Isopropenylbenzene; 2-Phenylpropene; 2-Phenylpropylene; b-Phenylpropylene UN2303	98-83-9
611154	o-METHYLSTYRENE	1-Ethenyl-2-methylbenzene; 2-Methylstyrene; o-vinyltoluene; 2-Vinyltoluene	611-15-4
100801	m-METHYL STYRENE	1-Ethenyl-3-methylbenzene; 3-Methylstyrene; m-Vinyltoluene; 3-Vinyltoluene	100-80-1
622979	p-METHYLSTYRENE	1-Ethenyl-4-methylbenzene; 1-p-Tolylethene; p-vinyltoluene; 4-Vinyltoluene	622-97-9
91203	NAPHTHALENE	Naphthalin; Naphthaline; Naphthene UN1334 UN2304	91-20-3
132274	SODIUM-o-PHENYLPHENOL	2-Hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt; 2-Phenylphenol sodium salt; Sodium, (2-biphenylyloxy)-; Sodium 2-hydroxydiphenyl; Sodium o-phenylphenate; Sodium 2-phenylphenate	132-27-4
873665	PROPENYLBENZENE	trans-1-Phenylpropene; trans-1-Propenylbenzene	873-66-5
103651	n-PROPYLBENZENE		103-65-1
100425	STYRENE	Ethenylbenzene; Phenylethene; Phenylethylene; Vinylbenzene UN2055;	100-42-5
119642	1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE	Naphthalene 1,2,3,4-tetrahydride; d(sup 5,7,9)-naphthantriene; Tetrahydronaphthalene	119-64-2
108883	TOLUENE	Methylbenzene; Methylbenzol; Phenylmethane UN1294	108-88-3
108678	1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE	1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene; Trimethyl benzene; Mesitylene; Trimethylbenzol UN2325	108-67-8
95476	o-XYLENE	o-Dimethylbenzene; 1,2-Dimethylbenzene; o-Methyltoluene; 1,2-Xylene UN1307	95-47-6
108383	m-XYLENE	m-Dimethylbenzene; 1,3-Dimethylbenzene; 1,3-Xylene UN1307	108-38-3
106423	p-XYLENE	p-Dimethylbenzene; 1,4-Dimethylbenzene; p-Methyltoluene; 1,4-Xylene UN1307	106-42-3

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:35

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (ºC)	Auto Ignition Point (º C)
cis-2-BUTENE 590-18-1	colourless gas	3.73	-139.3	56.10	insol	0.6213	1.94	@ 21 °C	1.7 ll 9.0 ul		324
trans-2-BUTENE 624-64-6	liquefied gas	0.8	-105	56.10		0.60	1.94	@ 21 °C	1.8 ll 9.7 ul		324
BICYCLOHEPTADIENE 121-46-0		89.5	-19.1	92.13	insol	0.9064
1,3-BUTADIENE 106-99-0	colourless gas	-4.5	-108.9	54.09	insol	0.6211	1.87	245	2.0 ll 11.5 ul	76	414
CYCLOHEXENE 110-83-8	colourless liquid	82.98	-103.5	82.14	insol	0.8102	2.8	8.9	1.2 ll 4.8 ul	-6 cc	310
CYCLOPENTADIENE 542-92-7	colourless liquid	41	-85	66.11	insol	0.8021	2.3	@ 25 °C		25 oc	640
ETHYLENE 74-85-1	colourless gas	-104	-169	28.05	insol	@ 25 ºC	0.978	@ 15 °C	2.7 ll 36.0 ul		450
ETHYLIDENE NORBORNENE 16219-75-3	colourless liquid; white liquid	67	-80	120.21	insol	0.8958	4.1	0.61		38 oc
1-HEXENE 592-41-6	colourless liquid	63.35	-139.8	84.16	insol	0.6731	3.0	@ 38 °C	1.2 ll 6.9 ul	-26
ISOPRENE 78-79-5	colourless liquid	34.067	-146	68.13	insol	0.681	2.4	61.8	1.5 ll 8.9 ul	54 cc	427
1-OCTENE 111-66-0	colourless liquid	121.3	-101.7	112.22	insol	0.7149	3.87	@ 38 °C	0.7 ll 3.9 ul	21	230
2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-1-PENTENE 107-39-1	colourless liquid	101.4	-93.5	112.22	insol	0.7150	3.8	@ 38 °C	0.8 ll 4.8 ul	-5	391
2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE 107-40-4	colourless liquid	104.91	-106.3	112.22	insol	0.7218	3.8	@ 38 °C	0.9 ll ? ul	17 oc	305

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:32

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
cis-2-BUTENE 590-18-1	The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated
trans-2-BUTENE 624-64-6	The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated
1,3-BUTADIENE 106-99-0	The gas is heavier than air, and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • Liquid 1,3-butadiene floats and boils on water	The substance can under specific circumstances form peroxides, initiating explosive polymerization • The substance may polymerize due to warming with fire or explosion hazard • Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with copper and its alloys • The substance decomposes explosively on rapid heating under pressure • Reacts vigorously with oxidants and many other substances, causing fire and explosion hazard	2.1
n-BUTENE 106-98-9	The gas is heavier than air, and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance may polymerize • May explode on heating • Reacts violently with oxygen and oxidants, causing fire and explosion hazard	2.1
2-BUTENE 107-01-7	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can polymerize in contact with organic and inorganic acids, halogens and halogenic substances
1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE 592-57-4	The vapour is heavier than air	The substance can form explosive peroxides on exposure to air • On combustion, forms toxic gases • Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard
CYCLOHEXENE 110-83-8	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can form explosive peroxides • The substance may polymerize under certain conditions • Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3
CYCLOPENTADIENE 542-92-7	The vapour is heavier than air	Reacts with nitric acid, sulfuric acid and strong oxidants, causing fire and explosion hazard • The substance dimerizes spontaneously or on contact with peroxides or trichloroacetic acid
ETHYLENE 74-85-1	The gas is lighter than air	The substance may polymerize to form aromatic compounds due to heating up to 600°C • Reacts violently with chlorine in sunlight causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with oxidants causing explosive hazard
ETHYLIDENE NORBORNENE 16219-75-3	As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance may polymerize • Reacts violently with strong oxidants
1-HEXENE 592-41-6	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen	Reacts vigorously with oxidants	3
SOBUTENE 115-11-7	The gas is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible, and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can presumably form explosive peroxides • The substance is able to polymerize with fire or explosion hazard • Reacts violently with oxidants, chlorine, fluorine, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some plastics and natural rubber
ISOPRENE 78-79-5	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can readily form explosive peroxides • The substance polymerizes with fire or explosion hazard • Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • Reacts with strong oxidants, strong reductants, strong acids, strong bases, acid chlorides, alcohols, alkali metals	2.1
1,7-OCTADIENE 3710-30-3	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance may polymerize under the influence of radical generating substances • On combustion, forms toxic and irritating fumes • Reacts with oxidants	3
1-OCTENE 111-66-0	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can presumably form explosive peroxides • Reacts violently with strong oxidants • Reacts with acids
2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-1-PENTENE 107-39-1	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	On combustion, forms toxic fumes • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts violently with oxidants
2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE 107-40-4	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with oxidants

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:30

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs Routes Of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
1,3-BUTADIENE 106-99-0	eyes; resp tract; skin; CNS	bone marrow; liver; reproduction	Inhalation: cough; drowsiness, blurred vision, nausea, sore throat, unconsciousness, respiratory paralysis Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: redness; pain; blurred vision	Eyes; resp sys; CNS; repro sys (hemato cancer)Inh; con (liq)	Irrit eyes, nose, throat; drow, li-head; liq: frostbite; terato, repro effects; (carc)
2-BUTENE 107-01-7	resp tract	skin	Inhalation: Dizziness, unconciousness Skin: on contact with liquid:frostbite
cis-2-BUTENE 590-18-1	resp tract	skin	Inhalation: Dizziness, unconciousness Skin: on contact with liquid:frostbite
trans-2-BUTENE 624-64-6	resp tract	skin	Inhalation: Dizziness, unconciousness Skin: on contact with liquid:frostbite
CYCLOHEXADIENE 592-57-4	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness
CYCLOHEXENE 110-83-8	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: drowsiness, laboured breathing, nausea	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNSInh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; drow
CYCLOPENTADIENE 542-92-7	eyes; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: drowsiness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: unconsciousness	Eyes; resp sysInh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, nose
ETHYLENE 74-85-1			Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unconsciousness
ETHYLIDENE NORBORNENE 16219-75-3	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	liver; kidneys	Inhalation: confusion, cough, headache, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: nausea, vomiting	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS; liver; kidneys; urogenital sys; bone marrowInh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; head; cough, dysp; nau, vomit; olfactory, taste changes; chemical pneu (aspir liq); in animals: liver, kidney, urogenital inj; bone marrow effects
1-HEXENE 592-41-6	mucous membranes; CNS		Inhalation: dizziness, unconciousness, vomiting Skin: redness Eyes: redness
ISOPRENE 78-79-5	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: dizziness, unconciousness, vomiting Skin: redness Eyes: redness
1,7-OCTADIENE 3710-30-3	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; lungs	Inhalation: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns
1-OCTENE 111-66-0	may effect CNS	skin	Skin: dry skin Eyes: redness
2,4,4,-TRIMETHYL-1-PENTENE 107-39-1	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain
2,4,4,-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE 107-40-4	skin; CNS		Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Tuesday, 09 August 2011 00:28

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
106990	1,3-BUTADIENE	Biethylene; Bivinyl; Buta-1,3-diene; Divinyl; Vinylethylene	106-99-0
107017	2-BUTENE	b-Butylene	107-01-7
110838	CYCLOHEXENE	Benzenetetrahydride; Hexanaphthylene; Tetrahydrobenzene; 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrobenzene UN2256	110-83-8
542927	CYCLOPENTADIENE	1,3-Cyclopentadiene; Pentole; Pyropentylene	542-92-7
74851	ETHYLENE	Acetene; Ethene UN1038 UN1962	74-85-1
16219753	ETHYLIDENE NORBORNENE	5-Ethylidenebicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene; 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene	16219-75-3
592416	1-HEXENE		592-41-6
78795	ISOPRENE	b-Methylbivinyl; 2-Methylbutadiene; 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene UN1218	78-79-5
115117	ISOBUTENE	Isobutylene; 2-Methyl propene UN1055	115-11-7
3710303	1,7-OCTADIENE		3710-30-3
111660	1-OCTENE		111-66-0
107391	2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-1-PENTENE		107-39-1
107404	2,4,4-TRIMETHYL-2-PENTENE	Diisobutylene	107-40-4

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" DISCLAIMER: The ILO does not take responsibility for content presented on this web portal that is presented in any language other than English, which is the language used for the initial production and peer-review of original content. Certain statistics have not been updated since the production of the 4th edition of the Encyclopaedia (1998)."

Paper and Pulp Industry References

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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. 1995. Pulp and Paper Capacities, Survey 1994-1999. Rome: FAO.

Henneberger, PK, JR Ferris, and RR Monson. 1989. Mortality among pulp and paper workers in Berlin. Br J Ind Med 46:658-664.

International Agency on the Research of Cancer (IARC). 1980. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Wood, Leather and Some Associated Industries. Vol. 25. Lyon: IARC.

—.1987. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs. Vol. 1-42 (supplement 7). Lyon: IARC.

—.1995. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Wood Dust and Formaldehyde. Vol. 62. Lyon: IARC.

International Labour Organization (ILO). 1992. Social and Labour Issues in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Geneva: ILO.

Jäppinen, P. 1987. Exposure to Compounds, Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry. Thesis, Helsingfors, Finland.

Jäppinen, P and S Tola. 1990. Cardiovascular mortality among pulp mill workers. Br J Ind Med 47:259-261.

Jäppinen, P, T Hakulinen, E Pukkala, S Tola, and K Kurppa. 1987. Cancer incidence of workers in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 13:197-202.

Johnson, CC, JF Annegers, RF Frankowski, MR Spitz, and PA Buffler. 1987. Childhood nervous system tumors—An evaluation of the association with paternal occupational exposure to hydrocarbons. Am J Epidemiol 126:605-613.

Kuijten, R, GR Bunin, and CC Nass. 1992. Parental occupation and childhood astrocytoma: Results of a case-control study. Cancer Res 52:782-786.

Kwa, SL and IJ Fine. 1980. The association between parental occupation and childhood malignancy. J Occup Med 22:792-794.

Malker, HSR, JK McLaughlin, BK Malker, NJ Stone, JA Weiner, JLE Ericsson, and WJ Blot. 1985. Occupational risks for pleural mesothelioma in Sweden, 1961-1979. J Natl Cancer Inst 74:61-66.

—. 1986. Biliary tract cancer and occupation in Sweden. Br J Ind Med 43:257-262.

Milham, SJ. 1976. Neoplasias in the wood and pulp industry. Ann NY Acad Sci 271:294-300.

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Milham, SJ and J Hesser. 1967. Hodgkin’s disease in woodworkers. Lancet 2:136-137.

Nasca, P, MS Baptiste, PA MacCubbin, BB Metzger, K Carton, P Greenwald, and VW Armbrustmacher. 1988. An epidemiologic case-control study of central nervous system tumors in children and parental occupational exposures. Am J Epidemiol 128:1256-1265.

Persson, B, M Fredriksson, K Olsen, B Boeryd, and O Axelson. 1993. Some occupational exposures as risk factors for malignant melanomas. Cancer 72:1773-1778.

Pickle, L and M Gottlieb. 1980. Pancreatic cancer mortality in Louisiana. Am J Public Health 70:256-259.
Pulp and Paper International (PPI). 1995. Vol. 37. Brussels: Miller Freeman.

Robinson, C, J Waxweiller, and D Fowler. 1986. Mortality among production workers in pulp and paper mills. Scand J Work Environ Health 12:552-560.

Schwartz, B. 1988. A proportionate mortality ratio analysis of pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire. Br J Ind Med 45:234-238.

Siemiatycki, J, L Richardson, M Gérin, M Goldberg, R Dewar, M Désy, S Campell, and S Wacholder. 1986. Association between several sites of cancer and nine organic dusts: Results from an hypothesis-generating case control study in Montreal, 1979-1983. Am J Epidemiol 123:235-249.

Skalpe, IO. 1964. Long-term effects of sulfur dioxide exposure in pulp mills. Br J Ind Med 21:69-73.

Solet, D, R Zoloth, C Sullivan, J Jewett, and DM Michaels. 1989. Patterns of mortality in pulp and paper workers. J Occup Med 31:627-630.

Torén, K, S Hagberg, and H Westberg. 1996. Health effects of working in pulp and paper mills: Exposure, obstructive airways diseases, hypersensitivity reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. Am J Ind Med 29:111-122.

Torén, K, B Järvholm, and U Morgan. 1989. Mortality from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases among workers in a soft paper mill: A case referent study. Br J Ind Med 46:192-195.

Torén, K, B Persson, and G Wingren. 1996. Health effects of working in pulp and paper mills: Malignant diseases. Am J Ind Med 29:123-130.

Torén, K, G. Sällsten, and B Järvholm. 1991. Mortality from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory system cancer among paper mill workers: A case referent study. Am J Ind Med 19:729-737.

US Department of Commerce. 1983. Pulp and Paper Mills. (PB 83-115766). Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.

—.1993. Selected Occupational Fatalities Related to Pulp Paper and Paperboard Mills as Found in Reports of OSHA Fatality/Catastrophe Investigations. (PB93-213502). Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.

Weidenmüller, R. 1984. Papermaking, the Art and Craft of Handmade Paper. San Diego, CA: Thorfinn International Marketing Consultants Inc.

Wingren, G, H Kling, and O Axelson. 1985. Gastric cancer among paper mill workers. J Occup Med 27:715.

Wingren, G, B Persson, K Torén, and O Axelson. 1991. Mortality patterns among pulp and paper mill workers in Sweden: A case-referent study. Am J Ind Med 20:769-774.

Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia. 1995. Personal communication.

Contents

Paper and Pulp Industry References