Major Sectors and Processes

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:54

Hydrocarbons, Saturated & Alicyclic: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
BUTANE 106-97-8			Inhalation: drowsiness Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: on contact with liquid: frostbite	CNS inh; con (liq)	Drow, narco, asphy; liq: frostbite
CYCLOHEXANE 110-82-7	eyes; skin; upper resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, headache, nausea Skin: redness Eyes: redness	Eyes; resp sys; skin; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; drow; derm; narco, coma
CYCLOPENTANE 287-92-3	eyes; skin; upper resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dizziness, nausea, sore throat	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eys, skin, nose, throat; li-head, dizz, euph, inco, nau, vomit, stupor; dry, cracking skin
DECANE 124-18-5	lungs	skin; kidneys; blood	Inhalation: confusion, drowsiness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain
ETHANE 74-84-0	skin		Inhalation: simple axphyxiant. Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: on contact with liquid: frosbite
HEPTANE 142-82-5	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dullness, headache Skin: dry skin, burning sensation Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting	Skin; resp sys; CNS Inh; ing; con	Li-head, gidd, stupor, verti, inco; loss of appetite, nau; derm; chemical pneu (aspir liq); uncon
HEXANE 110-54-3	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS; liver	skin; PNS; genes	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, pain	Skin; eyes; resp sys; CNS; PNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, nose; li-head; nau, head; peri neur: numb extremities, musc weak; derm; gidd; chemical pneu (aspir liq)
2-METHYLBUTANE 78-78-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; heart	skin	Inhalation: cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, shortness of breath, sore throat, irregular heartbeat Skin: dry skin, defats the skin redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 108-87-2	lungs; CNS	skin	Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: nausea	Resp sys; skin; eyes; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; li-head, drow; in animals: narco
2-METHYLHEPTANE 592-27-8	skin		Skin: redness
OCTANE 111-65-9	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, unconsciousness Skin: dry skin, redness Eyes: redness, painIngestion: vomiting	Skin; eyes; resp sys; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, nose; drow; derm; chemical pneu (aspir liq); in animals: narco
PENTANE 109-66-0	lungs; CNS		Inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting Skin: dry skin	Skin; eyes; resp sys; CNS Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose; derm; chemical pneu (aspir liq); drow; in animals: narco
PROPANE 74-98-6	skin		Inhalation: simple axphyxiant. Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: on contact with liquid: frosbite	CNS Inh; con (liq)	Dizz, conf, excitation, asphy; liq: frostbite
2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 540-84-1	eyes; skin; resp tract; kidneys; liver	skin; kidneys; liver	Inhalation: confusion, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness Ingestion: vomiting

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:52

Hydrocarbons, Saturated & Alicyclic: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
106978	BUTANE	n-Butane; Diethyl; Methylethylmethane UN1011	106-97-8
110827	CYCLOHEXANE	Hexahydrobenzene; Hexamethylene; Hexanaphthene UN1145	110-82-7
287923	CYCLOPENTANE	Pentamethylene UN1146	287-92-3
75194	CYCLOPROPANE	Trimethylene UN1027	75-19-4
124185	DECANE	UN2247	124-18-5
75832	2,2-DIMETHYLBUTANE		75-83-2
79298	2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE	2,3-Dimethylbutane UN2457	79-29-8
463821	2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE	Neopentane UN2044	463-82-1
74840	ETHANE	Bimethyl; Dimethyl; Ethyl hydride; Methylmethane UN1035 UN1961	74-84-0
142825	HEPTANE	Dipropyl methane; n-Heptane; Heptyl hydride UN1206	142-82-5
110543	HEXANE	n-Hexane; Hexyl hydride UN1208	110-54-3
75285	ISOBUTANE	Propane, 2-methyl- UN1969	75-28-5
107835	ISOHEXANE		107-83-5
78784	2-METHYLBUTANE	Ethyldimethylmethane; Isoamylhydride; Isopentane; Isopentane UN1265	78-78-4
108872	METHYLCYCLOHEXANE	Cyclohexylmethane; Hexahydrotoluene; Toluene hexahydride UN2296	108-87-2
592278	2-METHYLHEPTANE		592-27-8
96140	3-METHYLPENTANE		96-14-0
111842	NONANE	n-Nonane	111-84-2
111659	OCTANE	n-Octane UN1262	111-65-9
109660	PENTANE	UN1265	109-66-0
74986	PROPANE	Dimethylmethane; Propyl hydride UN1978	74-98-6
540841	2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE	Isobutyltrimethylmethane; Isooctane	540-84-1

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:41

Heterocyclic Compounds: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point ( °C)	Melting Point ( °C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (°C)	Auto Ignition Point ( °C)
ACRIDINE 260-94-6	rhombohedral needles or prisms from alcohol; monoclinic, orthorhombic; small colourless needles; orthorhombic plates, needles from diluted alcohol; small, colourless or faintly yellow crystals	346	111	179.21	sl sol	1.005		@ 129 °C
N-AMINOETHYLPIPERAZINE 140-31-8	liquid	220	-17.6	129.2	sol	0.9837	4.4			93 oc
2-AMINOPYRIDINE 504-29-0	white leaflets or large colourless crystals; white powder or crystals	211	58	94.11	misc		3.25	0.13		68 cc
BENZOGUANAMINE 91-76-9	crystals		227	187.20	0.6%	@ 25 °C/4 °C
1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE 95-14-7	needles from benzene; white to light tan, crystalline powder	@ 15 mm Hg	98.5	119.12	sl sol
COUMARIN 91-64-5	rhomboid, pyramidal crystals from ether; orthorhombic, rectangular plates; white, crystalline solid	301.72	71	146.14	1 g/ 400 ml (cold)	0.935 at 20/4 °C		1 mm Hg at 106.0 °C
3,4,5,6-DIBENZOCARBAZOLE 194-59-2	needles from ethanol		158	267.34
3,6-DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID 1702-17-6	white crystalline solid; colourless crystals		151-152	192.0	@ 25 °C	0.8		0.003 Pa
N-ETHYLMORPHOLINE 100-74-3	colourless liquid	138.5	-62.78	115.2	misc	0.8996	4.0	@ 20 °C
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE 149-30-4	pale, yellow monoclinic needles or leaflets; yellowish powder; needles from alc or dilute methanol; yellowish to tan crystalline powder		181	167.2	insol	1.42
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULPHIDE 120-78-5	pale yellow needles from benzene; free-flowing powder		180	332.46	insol	1.50
1-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 872-50-4	colourless liquid	202	24	99.13	v sol	@ 25 °C/ 25 °C	3.4	@ 25 °C	0.99 ll 3.9 ul	91	270
N-METHYLMORPHOLINE 109-02-4		115-116		101.14	sol	0.9051
2-METHYLPYRIDINE 109-06-8	colourless liquid	129	-70	93.12	v sol	0.9443	3.2	1.2	1.4 ll 8.6 ul	39	535
3-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-99-6	colourless liquid	143-144	-18.3	93.12	misc	@ 15 °C/4 °C	3.2	@ 25 °C	1.3 ll 8.7 ul	38 cc
4-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-89-4	colourless liquid	145	3.6	93.12	misc	0.9548	3.2	@ 25 °C	1.3 ll 8.7 ul	57 oc
MORPHOLINE 110-91-8	colourless liquid; mobile liquid	128.9	-4.9	87.12	misc	1.0007	3	1.06	2.0 ll 11.2 ul	38 oc	310
NICOTINE 54-11-5	colourless to pale yellow, oily liquid; thick, water-white, oil turning brown	@ 745 mm Hg	-79	162.23	misc	1.0097	5.61	@ 62 °C	0.7 ll 4.0 ul	95	244
NICOTINE TARTRATE 65-31-6	white plates		90	462.46	sol
N-NITROSONORNICOTINE 16543-55-8	yellow oil	@ 0.2 mm Hg	47	177.23				@ 154 °C
PHENAZOPYRIDINE 94-78-0	brownish-yellow crystals		139	213.25	@ 25 °C (est)			@ 25 °C
PHENOTHIAZINE 92-84-2	yellow, rhombic leaflets or diamond-shaped plates from toluene or butanol; yellow prisms from alcohol; grayish-green to greenish yellow powder, granules or flakes	371	185.1	186.26	insol
PHENYLENEPYRENE 193-39-5	yellow plates or needles from light petroleum	530	162.5-164		insol			1.0x10^- ¹⁰ torr
PIPERAZINE 110-85-0	plates or leaflets from ethanol; white to slightly off-white lumps or flakes; colourless, transparent, needle-like crystals	146	106	86.14	v sol	1.1	3.0			81 oc
PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE 142-64-3	cream coloured crystalline powder; white needles			159.07	41%
PIPERIDINE 110-89-4	clear, colourless liquid	@ 760 mm Hg	-7	85.15	v sol	0.8622	3.0	@ 29.2 °C		16 cc
1,3-PROPANE SULTONE 1120-71-4	colourless liquid or white crystals	@ 0.039 atm.	31	122.1	100 g/l	@ 40 °C/4 °C
PROPYLENE IMINE 75-55-8	colourless, oily liquid	66	-65	57.1	sol	@ 16 °C/4 °C	2.0	14.9		-39 cc
PYRIDINE 110-86-1	colourless liquid; slightly yellow	115.2	-42	79.10	misc	0.9819	2.73	2.0	1.8 ll 12.4 ul	17 cc	482
PYRIMIDINE 289-95-2		123.8	22	80.09	misc
PYRROLIDINE 123-75-1	colourless to pale yellow liquid	88.5-89	-57.8	71.12	misc	@ 22.5 °C/4 °C	2.45	@ 39 °C	@ -2°C
2-PYRROLIDINONE 616-45-5	liquid	@742 mm Hg	25	85.1	v sol	1.120	2.93			110 cc
QUINOLINE 91-22-5	colourless to brown liquid	237.7	-15	129.16	insol	1.0929	4.45	0.1	1.2 ll 7 ul	99	480
SULPHOLANE 126-33-0	white or creamy white, crystalline powder	285	27.4-27.8	120.16	misc	@ 30 °C/4 °C		@ 27.6 °C		177 oc
TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE 110-01-0	water-white liquid	121.0	-96.1	88.2	insol	0.9987	3.05	@ 25 °C	1.1 ll 12.1 ul	12	200
THIOPHENE 110-02-1	colourless liquid	84.16	-38.25	84.14	insol	1.06494	2.9	@ 12.5 °C		-1
2-VINYLPYRIDINE 100-69-6	colourless liquid	159-160	159-160	105.1	sl sol	0.9983		@ 44.5 °C

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:39

Heterocyclic Compounds: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
N-AMINOETHYLPIPERAZINE 140-31-8			8
2-AMINOPYRIDINE 504-29-0	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance decomposes on burning producing toxic gases and vapours including nitrous oxides • Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard • The substance is a strong base that is soluble in water	6.1
BENZOGUANAMINE 91-76-9			6.1
3,6-DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID 1702-17-6		The substance decomposes on burning producing toxic and corrosive gases • Reacts with bases forming salts • Solutions of them are corrosive to aluminum, iron, and tin
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE 149-30-4		On combustion, forms toxic gases (carbon monoxide and sulphur compounds) • The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing toxic and irritating fumes (sulphur and nitrogen oxides) • Reacts with acids with the formation of highly toxic fumes of sulphur compounds • Reacts with acids or acid fumes producing toxic fumes (sulphur compounds)
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULPHIDE 120-78-5		On combustion, forms toxic gases: carbon, sulphur and nitrogen oxides • Reacts with strong oxidants and acids
2-METHYLPYRIDINE 109-06-8		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • Reacts with oxidants and strong acids • Attacks copper and its alloys	3
3-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-99-6		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • Reacts with oxidants and strong acids	3
4-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-89-4		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • Reacts with oxidants and strong acids	3
1-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 872-50-4		The substance decomposes on heating above 315 °C producing toxic fumes • Reacts with strong acids • Attacks aluminium
MORPHOLINE 110-91-8		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • The substance is a weak base • Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire hazard • Attacks copper and its compounds	3
NICOTINE 54-11-5		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants • Attacks rubber and some plastics
NICOTINE TARTRATE 65-31-6		Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with this substance • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants	6.1
PHENOTHIAZINE 92-84-2		The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing toxic and irritating fumes including nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides
PHENYLENEPYRENE 193-39-5		Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed
PIPERAZINE 110-85-0			8
PIPERIDINE 110-89-4	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides • The substance is a medium strong base • Reacts violently with oxidants	3/ 8
PROPYLENE IMINE 75-55-8			3
PYRIDINE 110-86-1	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	On combustion, forms toxic fumes (amines) • The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide) • Reacts violently with strong oxidants and strong acids	3
PYRROLIDINE 123-75-1			3/ 8
2-PYRROLIDINONE 616-45-5		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes • Reacts with strong acids cf • methylpyrrolidone • Attacks aluminium
QUINOLINE 91-22-5		The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides • Reacts with strong oxidants and maleine anhydride	6.1
TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE 110-01-0	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	On combustion, forms toxic fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants and nitric acid • Attacks rubber	3
THIOPHENE 110-02-1	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing toxic and irritating fumes (sulphur oxides) • Reacts violently with oxidizing materials, including fuming nitric acid	3
2-VINYLPYRIDINE 100-69-6			6.1/ 3

For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; 7 = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:37

Heterocyclic Compounds: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
2-AMINOPYRIDINE 504-29-0			Inhalation: convulsions, dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, weakness, increased blood pressure, collapse	CNS; resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, nose, throat; head, dizz, excitement; nau; high BP; resp distress; weak; convuls; stupor
3,6-DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID 1702-17-6	eyes; resp tract	liver; kidneys	Inhalation: cough, dullness
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE 149-30-4	eyes	skin	Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULPHIDE 120-78-5	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness
2-METHYLPYRIDINE 109-06-8	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; CNS	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, sore throat, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, burning sensation, pain, blisters Eyes: pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting
3-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-99-6	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; CNS	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, sore throat, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, burning sensation, pain, blisters Eyes: pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting
4-METHYLPYRIDINE 108-89-4	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; CNS	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, sore throat, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, burning sensation, pain, blisters Eyes: pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting
1-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE 872-50-4	resp tract; eyes	lungs; bone marrow; lymphatic system	Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing Skin: may be absorbed Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, loss of vision; abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, laboured breathing
MORPHOLINE 110-91-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	liver; kidneys	Inhalation: Ingestion: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin burns, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting	Resp sys; eyes; skin; liver; kidneys Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, resp sys; vis dist; cough; in animals: liver, kidney damage
NICOTINE 54-11-5			Inhalation: abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, tremors, convulsions,	CNS; CVS; lungs; GI tract; repro sys Inh; abs; ing; con	Nau, salv, abdom pain, vomit, diarr; head, dizz, hearing, vis dist; conf, weak, inco; paroxysmal atrial fibrl; convuls, dysp; in animals: terato effects
NICOTINE TARTRATE 65-31-6	eyes; skin; CNS		Inhalation: abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, tremors, convulsions Skin: may be absorbed Eyes: redness, pain
PHENOTHIAZINE 92-84-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood; liver	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain, itching, coloured yellow-brown skin Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision	Skin; CVS; liver; kidneys Inh; abs; ing; con	Itching, irrit, reddening skin; hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, abdom cramps, tacar; kidney damage; skin photo sens
PHENYLENEPYRENE 193-39-5			Skin: may be absorbed
PIPERIDINE 110-89-4			Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing
PROPYLENE IMINE 75-55-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs ; CNS	skin	Inhalation: cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin burns, itching, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: burning sensation of the digestive tract, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting	Eyes; skin (in animals: nasal tumors) Inh; abs; ing; con	Eye, skin burns; (carc)
PYRIDINE 110-86-1	eyes; skin; resp tract; GI tract; CNS; CVS	skin; liver; kidneys	Inhalation: cough, dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, weakness	Eyes; skin; CNS; liver; kidneys; GI tract Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes; head, ner, dizz, insom; nau, anor, derm; liver, kidney damage
2-PYRROLIDINONE 616-45-5	eyes
QUINOLINE 91-22-5	eyes; resp tract; CNS	liver; kidneys; retina	Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, nausea, shortness of breath, vomiting, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin burns Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision
TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE 110-01-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS	skin	Inhalation: Burning sensation, cough, headache, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, burning sensation Eyes: redness, pain, eyes Ingestion: abdominal pain
THIOPHENE 110-02-1	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed Eyes: redness, pain

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:35

Heterocyclic Compounds: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
1888911	N-ACETYLCAPROLACTAM	Acetylcaprolactam; 2H-Azepin-2-one, 1-acetylhexahydro-	1888-91-1
260946	ACRIDINE	Benzo(b)quinoline; 2,3-Benzoquinoline; Dibenzo(b,e)pyridine UN2713	260-94-6
140318	N-AMINOETHYLPIPERAZINE	N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine; 1-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine UN2815	140-31-8
504290	2-AMINOPYRIDINE	o-Aminopyridine; a-Aminopyridine; 2-Aminopyridine; Amino-2-pyridine; a-Pyridinamine; a-Pyridylamine; 2-Pyridylamine UN2671	504-29-0
91769	BENZOGUANAMINE	4,6-Diamino-2-phenyl-s-triazine; 2-Phenyl-4,6-diamino-s-triazine; 2-Phenyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine	91-76-9
95147	1,2,3-BENZOTRIAZOLE	1,2,-Aminozophenylene; Aziminobenzene; Benzene azimide; Benzisotriazole; 1,2,3-Benzotriazole; Benztriazole; 1H-Triazaindene	95-14-7
91645	COUMARIN		91-64-5
194592	3,4,5,6-DIBENZOCARBAZOLE	3,4,5,6-Dibenzcarbazol; 3,4,5,6-Dinaphthacarbazole; 7H-Dibenzo(C,G)carbazole	194-59-2
1702176	3,6-DICHLOROPICOLINIC ACID	3,6-Dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; 2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 3,6-Dichloro-	1702-17-6
100743	N-ETHYLMORPHOLINE	4-Ethylmorpholine	100-74-3
149304	2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE	Benzothiazole-2-thione; 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione; 2-Benzothiazolyl mercaptan; Mercaptobenzothiazole; 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole	149-30-4
120785	2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULPHIDE	2-Benzothiazolyl disulphide; Benzothiazyl disulphide; Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulphide; Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulphide; Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide; Dibenzothiazyl disulphide; Dibenzoylthiazyl disulphide; Dibenzthiazyl disulphide; 2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole); 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulphide; 2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide	120-78-5
109024	N-METHYLMORPHOLINE	Methylmorpholine; 4-Methylmorpholine UN2535	109-02-4
872504	1-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE	N-Methylpyrrolidinone; N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone; 1-Methyl-5-pyrrolidinone; N-Methylpyrrolidone; N-Methyl-a-Pyrrolidone; 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone	872-50-4
109068	2-METHYLPYRIDINE	a-Methylpyridine; 2-Picoline ; a-Picoline	109-06-8
108996	3-METHYLPYRIDINE	3-Picoline	108-99-6
108894	4-METHYLPYRIDINE	g-Picoline; 4-Picoline	108-89-4
110918	MORPHOLINE	Diethyleneimide oxide; Diethylene imidoxide; Diethylene oximide; Diethylenimide oxide; Drewamine; p-Isoxazine, tetrahydro-; Tetrahydro-; Tetrahydro-1,4-isoxazine; Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine UN2054	110-91-8
54115	NICOTINE	1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine; 3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine; L-nicotine; 3-(Tetrahydro-1-methylpyrrol-2-yl); a-Pyridyl-a-N-Methylpyrrolidine; Pyrrolidine, 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-; Tetrahydronicotyrine UN1654	54-11-5
65316	NICOTINE TARTRATE	Nicotine acid tartrate; Nicotine bitartrate; Nicotine hydrogen tartrate UN1659	65-31-6
16543558	N-NITROSONORNICOTINE	1'-Nitroso-1'-demethylnicotine; 1-Nitroso-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine; 3-(1-Nitroso-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine; Pyridine, 3-(1-nitroso-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (s)-	16543-55-8
94780	PHENAZOPYRIDINE	2,6-Diamino-3-phenylazopyridine; Phenazodine; 3-(Phenylazo)-2,6-pyridinediamine; Phenazopyridine; 2,6-Pyridinediamine, 3-(phenylazo)-; Pyridium; Pyripyridium	94-78-0
92842	PHENOTHIAZINE	Dibenzoparathiazine; Dibenzothiazine; Dibenzo-1,4-thiazine	92-84-2
193395	PHENYLENEPYRENE	Indeno(1,2,3-CD)pyrene; o-Phenylenepyrene; 2,3-; 2,3-o-Phenylenepyrene; 1,10-(o-Phenylene)pyrene; 1,10-(1,2-Phenylene)pyrene	193-39-5
110850	PIPERAZINE	1,4-Diethylenediamine; Hexahydro-1,4-diazine; Hexahydropyrazine; Piperazidine; Piperazine ; Piperazine, anhydrous; Pyrazine hexahydride UN2579	110-85-0
142643	PIPERAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Dihydrochloride salt of diethylenediamine; Dowzene DHC; Piperazine hydrochloride	142-64-3
110894	PIPERIDINE	Azacyclohexane; Cyclopentimine; Hexahydropyridine; Hexazane; Pentamethyleneimine; Pentamethylenimine; Piperidine ; Pyridine, hexahydro- UN2401	110-89-4
1120714	1,3-PROPANE SULTONE	3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulphonic acid sulphone; 3-Hydroxy-1-propanesulphonic acid sultone; 1,2-Oxathrolane 2,2-dioxide	1120-71-4
75558	PROPYLENE IMINE	2-Methylazacyclopropane; 2-Methylaziridine; Methylethylenimine; 2-Methylethylenimine; Propylene imine; 1,2-Propyleneimine UN1921	75-55-8
110861	PYRIDINE	UN1282	110-86-1
289952	PYRIMIDINE	1,3-Diazabenzene; m-Diazine; Metadiazine	289-95-2
123751	PYRROLIDINE	Azacyclopentane; Azolidine; Prolamine; Pyrrole, tetrahydro-; Pyrrolidine; Tetrahydropyrrole; Tetramethylenimine UN1922	123-75-1
616455	2-PYRROLIDINONE	4-Aminobutyric acid lactam; Butyrolactam; 2-Oxopyrrolidine; a-Pyrrolidinone; Pyrrolidone; 2-Pyrrolidone	616-45-5
91225	QUINOLINE	1-Azanaphthalene; 1-Benzazine; 1-Benzine; Benzo(b)pyridine; Quinoline UN2656	91-22-5
126330	SULPHOLANE	Cyclic tetramethylene sulphone; Cyclotetramethylene sulphone; Dihydrobutadiene sulphone; 1,1-Dioxidetetrahydrothiofuran; 1,1-Dioxidetetrahydrothiophene; Sulphalone; Sulpholan; Tetrahydrothiophene dioxide	126-33-0
110010	TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE	Tetrahydrothiophene; Tetramethylenesulphide; Thiacyclopentane; Thilane; Thiophane UN2412	110-01-0
110021	THIOPHENE	Divinylene sulphide; Thiacyclopentadiene; Thiaphene; Thiofuran; Thiofuram; Thiofurfuran; Thiole; Thiophen UN2414	110-02-1
100696	2-VINYLPYRIDINE		100-69-6

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:29

Halogens & Their Compounds: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (°C)	Auto Ignition Point (°C)
BROMINE 7726-95-6	dark reddish-brown liquid; reddish-brown vapor; rhombic crystals	58.78	-7.25	159.808	3.58 g/ 100 ml	@ 25 °C/4 °C	@ 15 °C	23.3
BROMINE PENTAFLUORIDE 7789-30-2	colourless liquid; colourless gas above 40.3 °C	40.76	-60.5	174.90	reacts	@ 25 °C	6.05	@ 25.5 °C
CARBONYL FLUORIDE 353-50-4	colourless gas	-83	-114	66.01	reacts	@ 25 °C	2.3
CHLORINE 7782-50-5	greenish-yellow, diatomic gas	-34.6	-100.98	70.906	@ 30 °C	1.4085;6.864 atm	2.5	638
CHLORINE OXIDE 10049-04-4	yellow to reddish-yellow gas at room temp; solid chlorine dioxide is a yellowish-red crystalline mass; liquid is reddish-brown	11	-59	67.46	@ 25 °C and 34.5 mm Hg	@ 0 °C	2.3	10	>10
CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE 7790-91-2	colourless gas; liquid is yellow-green in colour; solid is white	11.75	-76.34	92.46	reacts	@ 13 °C	3.18	@ -4.9 °C; 740 mm Hg
FLUORINE 7782-41-4	pale yellow; greenish yellow gas	-188.13	-219.61	37.99	reacts	@ -188.2 °C	1.3	@ -223.0 °C; 10 mm Hg
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 7664-39-3	colourless liquid	20	-83	20.0	misc	@ 19.54 °C	@ 0 °C	@ 2.5 °C
IODINE 7553-56-2	bluish-black scales or plates; diatomic; rhombic, violet-black crystals with metallic luster	184.35	113.50	253.81		@ 25 °C (solid)	6.75 g/l (gas)	@ 38.7 °C (solid)
NITROGEN CHLORIDE 10025-85-1	yellow oil ot rhombic crystals	<71	<-40	120.37	insol cold water, decomposes hot water	1.653
NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE 7783-54-2	colourless gas	-129	-208.5	71.01	sl sol	@ -129 °C (liquid)
OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE 7783-41-7	colourless gas; yellowish-brown when liquid	-144.8	-223.8	54.00	insol hot water; sl sol and decomposes cold water	@ -233.8 °C (liquid)	1.8	@ -144.6 °C
PERCHLORYL FLUORIDE 7616-94-6	colourless gas	-46.8	-146	102.45	misc	0.637 (gas); 1.434 (liquid)	3.5	1.06
PHOSGENE 75-44-5	colourless gas	8	-118	98.92	sl sol	1.381	3.4	161.6
PHOSPHORUS PENTABROMIDE 7789-69-7	yellow crystalline mass	106 decomp		430.49	decomposes
PHOSPHOROUS TRIBROMIDE 7789-60-8	colourless liquid; pale yellow liquid	173.2	-41.5	270.73		@ 15 °C		@ 47.8 °C
SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE 16893-85-9	white granular powder			188.05	sol	2.68
SULPHUR CHLORIDE 10025-67-9	light amber to yellowish red oily liquid	135.6	-77	135.03	reacts	@ 15.5 °C/15.5 °C	4.66	0.906		118 cc	234
SULPHUR DICHLORIDE 10545-99-0	dark red liquid; *reddish brown liquid	59 (decomp)	-78	102.96		@ 15 °C/15 °C	3.55	@ -23 °C
SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE 2551-62-4	colourless gas; liquid at -50.5 °C	-63.8 sublimes	-50.8	146.06	sl sol	@ -50 °C (liquid)	5.1	2140
SULPHURYL FLUORIDE 2699-79-8	colourless gas	-55.38	-135.82	102.07	4-5 ml gas/ 100 ml	3.72 g/l (gas), 1.7 g/l (liquid)	3.5	@ 25 °C

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:28

Halogens & Their Compounds: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
BROMINE 7726-95-6	The vapour is heavier than air	Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts violently with aqueous ammonia, oxidants, metals, organic compounds and phosphorus causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber and coatings	3/ 6.1
BROMINE PENTAFLUORIDE 7789-30-2	The vapour is heavier than air	The substance decomposes on heating above 460 °C and on contact with acid or acid fumes producing very toxic fumes of fluorine and bromine • Reacts violently with fuels and organic compounds, hydrogen containing material (such as ammonia, acetic acid, grease, paper) causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts explosively with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes • Reacts with all known elements, except nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases	5.1/ 6.1/ 8
CARBONYL FLUORIDE 353-50-4	The gas is heavier than air	The substance decomposes on heating at 450-490 °C producing toxic gases • Hydrolyzed rapidly by water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride	2.3/ 8
CHLORINE 7782-50-5	The gas is heavier than air	Reacts violently with many organic compounds, ammonia and finely divided metals causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks many metals in presence of water • Attacks plastic, rubber and coatings	2.3/ 5.1/ 8
CHLORINE OXIDE 10049-04-4	The gas is heavier than air	May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • May explode on heating • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts violently with mercury, phosphorus, sulphur and many compounds, causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with water producing hydrochloric acid and chloric acid
CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE 7790-91-2	The gas is heavier than air and corrosive	The substance decomposes above 220 °C producing toxic gases (chlorine and fluorine compounds) • Reacts violently with water, sand, silicon-containing compounds, glass, and asbestos • Reacts with all forms of plastics, rubber, and resins, except the highly fluorinated polymers • Most combustible materials ignite spontaneously on contact with this substance • Reacts violently with oxidizable materials, metals and metal oxides • Explodes in contact with organic materials • Emits highly toxic fumes on contact with acids	2.3/ 5.1/ 8
FLUORINE 7782-41-4	The gas is heavier than air	The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts violently with water producing toxic and corrosive vapours: ozone and hydrogen fluoride • Reacts violently with ammonia, metals, oxidants, and many other materials, causing fire and explosion hazard	2.3/ 5.1/ 8
HYDROGEN BROMIDE 10035-10-6	The gas is heavier than air	The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive • Reacts violently with strong oxidants and many organic compounds causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks many metals forming flammable hydrogen gas	8
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 7664-39-3		The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive • Reacts violently with many compounds causing fire and explosion hazard • On contact with air it emits corrosive fumes which are heavier than air and will spread along the ground • Attacks glass and other silicon-containing compounds	3/ 6.1
NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE 7783-54-2			2.3/ 5.1
OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE 7783-41-7	The gas is heavier than air	The substance decomposes on heating above 250 °C producing toxic fumes (fluorine) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts explosively with hydrogen sulfide at ambient temperature, with chlorine, bromine or iodine on warming • Attacks mercury • Explodes on contact with steam • Reaction of oxygen difluoride with non-metals such as red phosphorous and boron powder and silica, alumina or similar surface-active solids is exothermic and may be explosive	2.3/ 5.1/ 8
PERCHLORYL FLUORIDE 7616-94-6		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (fluorine, fluorine oxides, chlorine, chlorine oxides) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings	2.3/ 5.1
PHOSGENE 75-44-5	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground	The substance decomposes on heating above 300 °C, producing toxic and corrosive gases: hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide, chlorine fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants • Reacts slowly with water producing corrosive, pungent and toxic gases • Reacts violently with amines, with aluminium • Attacks many metals in presence of water • Attacks metal, plastic, rubber	2.3/ 8
PHOSPHORUS PENTABROMIDE 7789-69-7			8
PHOSPHOROUS TRIBROMIDE 7789-60-8			8
SULPHUR CHLORIDE 10025-67-9		On combustion, forms toxic gases and vapours (such as hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) • The substance decomposes to toxic chlorine gas and solid sulphur on heating above 300 °C • Reacts with peroxides, oxides of phosphorous and some organic compounds, causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with moist air to form corrosive vapours (hydrochloric acid) • Contact with water causes a violent reaction, forming hydrogen chloride gas (or hydrochloric acid), sulphur dioxide, sulphur, sulfite, thiosulfate and hydrogen sulfide, which may corrode metal containers and form flammable hydrogen gas	8
SULPHUR DICHLORIDE 10545-99-0			8
SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE 2551-62-4	The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in low ceiling spaces causing deficiency of oxygen	The substance decomposes in a fire producing toxic fumes of sulphur oxides and hydrogen fluoride • on contact with hot surfaces producing S0₂ • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with strong oxidants and alkali and earth alkali	2.2
SULFURYL FLUORIDE 2699-79-8			2.3

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:26

Halogens & Their Compounds: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
BROMINE 7726-95-6	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin; lungs	Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: corrosive, redness, skin burns, pain Eyes: corrosive, redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: corrosive, abdominal cramps, burning sensation, sore throat, collapse	Resp sys; eyes; CNS; skin Inh; ing; con	Dizz, head; lac, epis; cough, feeling of oppression, pulm edema, pneu; abdom pain, diarr; measle-like eruptions; eye, skin burns
BROMINE PENTAFLUORIDE 7789-30-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	liver; kidneys; resp tract	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation	Eyes; skin; resp sys; liver; kidneys Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; corn nec; skin burns; cough; dysp, pulm edema; liver, kidney inj
CARBONYL FLUORIDE 353-50-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; skin	blood	Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: redness	Eyes; skin; resp sys; bone Inh; con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb, resp sys; eye, skin burns; lac; cough; pulm edema, dysp; chronic exposure: GI pain, musc fib, skeletal fluorosis; liq: frostbite
CHLORINE 7782-50-5	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; skin	lungs	Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: corrosive, skin burns, pain Eyes: corrosive, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns	Resp sys, eyes, skin Inh; con	Burning of eyes, nose, mouth; lac, rhin; cough, choking, subs pain; nau, vomit; head, dizz; syncope; pulm edema; pneu; hypox; derm; liq: frostbite
CHLORINE OXIDE 10049-04-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; skin	lungs	Inhalation: corrosive, cough, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, pain	Resp sys; eyes Inh; ing (liq); con	Irrit eyes, nose, throat; cough, wheez, bron, pulm edema; chronic bron
CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE 7790-91-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, pain Eyes: permanent loss of vision, severe deep burns, blindness	Skin; eyes; resp sys Inh; ing (liq); con	Eye, skin burns (liq or high vap conc); resp irrit; in animals: lac; corn ulcer; pulm edema
FLUORINE 7782-41-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: corrosive, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, choking Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: redness, severe deep burns	Resp sys; eyes; liver; kidneys Inh; con	Irrit eyes, nose, resp sys; lar spasm, bron spasm; pulm edema; eye, skin burns; in animals: liver, kidney damage
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 7664-39-3	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat, symptoms may have delayed effects Skin: may be adsorbed, serious skin burns Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal pain, diarrhoea, sore throat, vomiting, symptoms may have delayed effects	Eyes; resp sys; skin; bone Inh; abs (liq); ing (soln); con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; pulm edema; eye, skin burns; rhinitis; bron; bone changes
OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE 7783-41-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite	Resp sys; eyes; skin Inh; con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; head; pulm edema; eye, skin burns (from contact with the gas under pressure)
PERCHLORYL FLUORIDE 7616-94-6	resp tract; skin	blood	Inhalation: headache Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: severe deep burns	Resp sys; skin; blood Inh; con (liq)	Irrit resp sys; liq: frostbite; in animals: methemo; cyan; weak; dizz, head; pulm edema; pneuitis; anoxia
PHOSGENE 75-44-5	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	lungs	Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, sore throat	Resp sys; skin; eyes Inh; con (liq)	Irrit eyes; dry, burning throat; vomit; cough, foamy sputum, dysp, chest pain, cyan; liq: frostbite
SULPHUR CHLORIDE 10025-67-9	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; corrosive on ingestion	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting Skin: redness, skin burns, burning sensation, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns	Resp sys; skin; eyes Inh; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; lac; cough; eye, skin burns; pulm edema
SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE 2551-62-4	skin		Skin: on contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: corneal damage	Resp sys Inh	Asphy: incr breath rate, pulse rate; slight musc inco, emotional upset; ftg, nau, vomit, convuls
SULPHUR PENTAFLUORIDE 5714-22-7				Resp sys; CNS; eyes; skin Inh; ing; con	Irrit eys, skin, resp sys; in animals: pulm edema, hemorr

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Sunday, 07 August 2011 06:25

Halogens & Their Compounds: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
7726956	BROMINE	Bromine UN1744	7726-95-6
7789302	BROMINE PENTAFLUORIDE	Bromine pentafluoride UN1745	7789-30-2
7789755	CALCIUM FLUORIDE		7789-75-5
353504	CARBONYL FLUORIDE	Carbon difluoride oxide; Carbon fluoride oxide; Carbon oxyfluoride; Carbonyl difluoride; Difluoroformaldehyde; Fluophosgene; Fluoroformyl fluoride; Fluorophosgene UN2417	353-50-4
7782505	CHLORINE	Molecular chlorine UN1017	7782-50-5
10049044	CHLORINE OXIDE	Chlorine dioxide; Chlorine(IV) oxide; Chlorine peroxide; Chloroperoxyl	10049-04-4
7790912	CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE	Chlorine fluoride; Chlorotrifluoride UN1749	7790-91-2
7782414	FLUORINE	Fluorine UN1045	7782-41-4
10035106	HYDROGEN BROMIDE	Anhydrous hydrobromic acid; Hydrobromic acid solution UN1788	10035-10-6
7664393	HYDROGEN FLUORIDE	Hydrofluoric acid; Hydrofluoride UN1052 UN1790	7664-39-3
7553562	IODINE		7553-56-2
10025851	NITROGEN CHLORIDE	Chlorine nitride; Nitrogen trichloride; Trichloramine; Trichlorine nitride	10025-85-1
7783542	NITROGEN TRIFLUORIDE	Nitrogen fluoride UN2451	7783-54-2
7783417	OXYGEN DIFLUORIDE	Fluorine monoxide; Fluorine oxide; Oxygen fluoride UN2190	7783-41-7
7616946	PERCHLORYL FLUORIDE	Chlorine fluoride oxide; Chlorine oxyfluoride UN3083	7616-94-6
75445	PHOSGENE	Carbonyl chloride; Carbonyl dichloride; Chloroformyl chloride UN1076	75-44-5
7789697	PHOSPHOROUS PENTABROMIDE		7789-69-7
7789608	PHOSPHOROUS TRIBROMIDE	Phosphorous bromide; Tribromophosphine UN1808	7789-60-8
16893859	SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE		16893-85-9
10025679	SULPHUR CHLORIDE	Disulphurdichloride; Sulphurmonochloride; Sulphurisubchloride; Thiosulphurous dichloride	10025-67-9
10545990	SULPHUR DICHLORIDE		10545-99-0
2551624	SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE	Sulphurfluoride UN1080	2551-62-4
5714227	SULPHUR PENTAFLUORIDE	Disulphurdecafluoride; Sulphurdecafluoride	5714-22-7
2699798	SULPHURYL FLUORIDE	Sulphuric oxyfluoride UN2191	2699-79-8

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Paper and Pulp Industry References

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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. 1995. Pulp and Paper Capacities, Survey 1994-1999. Rome: FAO.

Henneberger, PK, JR Ferris, and RR Monson. 1989. Mortality among pulp and paper workers in Berlin. Br J Ind Med 46:658-664.

International Agency on the Research of Cancer (IARC). 1980. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Wood, Leather and Some Associated Industries. Vol. 25. Lyon: IARC.

—.1987. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs. Vol. 1-42 (supplement 7). Lyon: IARC.

—.1995. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Wood Dust and Formaldehyde. Vol. 62. Lyon: IARC.

International Labour Organization (ILO). 1992. Social and Labour Issues in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Geneva: ILO.

Jäppinen, P. 1987. Exposure to Compounds, Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry. Thesis, Helsingfors, Finland.

Jäppinen, P and S Tola. 1990. Cardiovascular mortality among pulp mill workers. Br J Ind Med 47:259-261.

Jäppinen, P, T Hakulinen, E Pukkala, S Tola, and K Kurppa. 1987. Cancer incidence of workers in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 13:197-202.

Johnson, CC, JF Annegers, RF Frankowski, MR Spitz, and PA Buffler. 1987. Childhood nervous system tumors—An evaluation of the association with paternal occupational exposure to hydrocarbons. Am J Epidemiol 126:605-613.

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—. 1986. Biliary tract cancer and occupation in Sweden. Br J Ind Med 43:257-262.

Milham, SJ. 1976. Neoplasias in the wood and pulp industry. Ann NY Acad Sci 271:294-300.

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Nasca, P, MS Baptiste, PA MacCubbin, BB Metzger, K Carton, P Greenwald, and VW Armbrustmacher. 1988. An epidemiologic case-control study of central nervous system tumors in children and parental occupational exposures. Am J Epidemiol 128:1256-1265.

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Schwartz, B. 1988. A proportionate mortality ratio analysis of pulp and paper mill workers in New Hampshire. Br J Ind Med 45:234-238.

Siemiatycki, J, L Richardson, M Gérin, M Goldberg, R Dewar, M Désy, S Campell, and S Wacholder. 1986. Association between several sites of cancer and nine organic dusts: Results from an hypothesis-generating case control study in Montreal, 1979-1983. Am J Epidemiol 123:235-249.

Skalpe, IO. 1964. Long-term effects of sulfur dioxide exposure in pulp mills. Br J Ind Med 21:69-73.

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Torén, K, B Persson, and G Wingren. 1996. Health effects of working in pulp and paper mills: Malignant diseases. Am J Ind Med 29:123-130.

Torén, K, G. Sällsten, and B Järvholm. 1991. Mortality from asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory system cancer among paper mill workers: A case referent study. Am J Ind Med 19:729-737.

US Department of Commerce. 1983. Pulp and Paper Mills. (PB 83-115766). Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.

—.1993. Selected Occupational Fatalities Related to Pulp Paper and Paperboard Mills as Found in Reports of OSHA Fatality/Catastrophe Investigations. (PB93-213502). Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce.

Weidenmüller, R. 1984. Papermaking, the Art and Craft of Handmade Paper. San Diego, CA: Thorfinn International Marketing Consultants Inc.

Wingren, G, H Kling, and O Axelson. 1985. Gastric cancer among paper mill workers. J Occup Med 27:715.

Wingren, G, B Persson, K Torén, and O Axelson. 1991. Mortality patterns among pulp and paper mill workers in Sweden: A case-referent study. Am J Ind Med 20:769-774.

Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia. 1995. Personal communication.

Contents

Paper and Pulp Industry References