Examples of Chemical Processing Operations

Thursday, 18 August 2011 05:02

Nitrocompounds, Aromatic: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (ºC)	Auto Ignition Point (ºC)
1-AMINO-2-METHYL-5-NITROBENZENE 99-55-8	yellow monoclinic prisms from alcohol		105.5	152.2	sl sol			1.3x 10^- ⁵ mm Hg
4-AMINO-2-NITROPHENOL 119-34-6	dark red plates or needles from water & alcohol		131	154.1	sol
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE 97-00-7	yellow crystals	315	53	202.6	insol	1.7	6.98		2.0 ll 22.0 ul
1-CHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE 88-73-3	yellow crystals; monoclinic needles	245-246	32-33	157.56	insol	1.305			261
2-CHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE 121-73-3	pale-yellow orthorhombic prisms from alcohol	236	46	157.6	insol	1.534
1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE 100-00-5	monoclinic prisms; yellow crystals	242	83.5	157.6	insol	1.3	5.44	@ 30 ºC		127 cc	510
2,4-DICHLORO-1-NITROBENZENE 611-06-3		258.5	34	192.00	insol	@ 80 ºC
1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE 99-54-7	needles from alcohol & carbon tetrachloride; liquid; solid	255.5	43	192.00	insol	@ 75 ºC/4 ºC	6.63	0.014 mm Hg
3,5-DINITRO-p-TOLUIDINE 19406-51-0			171	197.14
2,3-DINITROTOLUENE 602-01-7	yellow crystals	250-300	63	182.1	insol	1.3	6.28
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 606-20-2	rhombic needles from alcohol; yellow to red solid	285	66	182.1		@ 111 ºC	6.28	5.67x 10^- ⁴ mm Hg		207 cc
3,4-DINITROTOLUENE 610-39-9	crystals or needles	250-300	58	182.1	insol	1.26	6.28			>110
DINITROBENZENE 25154-54-5	pale yellow solid; white crystalline solid	300	75-85	168	insol	1.6	5.8	<0.1		150
1,3-DINITROBENZENE 99-65-0	yellowish crystals; rhombohedral plates from alcohol; pale yellow solid	300-303	90	168.1	sl sol	@ 18 ºC/4 ºC	5.8	<0.1		149
o-DINITROBENZENE 528-29-0	colourless or yellow crystals, needles or plates; needles from benzene, plates; white crystals;pale yellow solid	319	118	168.1	insol	1.3119 120	5.79	<0.1		150 cc
p-DINITROBENZENE 100-25-4	white crystals; needles from alc; colourless to yellow monoclinic needles; pale yellow solid; yellow crystals	299	174	168.1	insol	@ 18 ºC/4 ºC	5.8	<0.1		150
3,5-DINITROBENZOYL CHLORIDE 99-33-2		196	74	230.56
1,5-DINITRONAPHTALENE 605-71-0			219	218.16	insol
2,3-DINITROPHENOL 66-56-8			144.5	184.10	sl sol	1.681
2,4-DINITROPHENOL 51-28-5	yellowish to yellow orthorhombic crystals		112-114	184.1	sl sol	@ 24 ºC	6.35	@ 25 ºC
DINITROTOLUENE 25321-14-6	oily liquid	250-300	54-93	182.14	insol	1.3	6.28	0.13		207 cc
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 121-14-2	crystals or oily liquid	300	71	182.1	insol	@ 71 ºC	6.27	@ 103 ºC		207 oc
2,5-DINITROTOLUENE 619-15-8			52.5	182.13		@ 111
1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE 70-34-8	pale yellow crystals from alcohol	296	25.8	186.10		@ 84 ºC
2-METHYL-1-NITROANTHRAQUINONE 129-15-7	pale-yellow needles		270.5	267.2	insol
N-METHYL-N-NITROSOANILINE 614-00-6		225	14.7	136.15	insol	1.1240
5-NITROACENAPHTHENE 602-87-9			103.5	199.2	sol
NITROBENZENE 98-95-3	greenish-yellow crystals or yellow, oily liquid	210.8	5.7	123.11	sl sol	1.2037	4.3	20 Pa	1.8 ll 40 ul	88 cc	480
4-NITRODIPHENYL 92-93-3	yellow needles; white needles	340	114	199.2	insol
NITROFEN 1836-75-5	white solid; crystals; crystalline solid; yellow crystalline solid; free-flowing solid, dark brown color	@ 0.25 mm Hg	70-71	284.10	insol	@ 90 ºC		@ 40 ºC
5-NITRO-o-ANISIDINE 99-59-2	orange-red needles from alc, ether, water		118	168.2	sol	@ 156 ºC		@ 25 ºC
1-NITRONAPHTHALENE 86-57-7	yellow crystals	304	61.5	173.2	insol	1.332		@ 25 ºC		164 cc
2-NITRONAPHTHALENE 581-89-5		312.5	79	173.16	insol
o-NITROPHENOL 88-75-5	light yellow needles or prisms; monoclinic	216	44.8	139.1	sl sol	@ 14 ºC		@ 49.3 ºC
m-NITROPHENOL 554-84-7	monoclinic prisms from ether & dilute hydrochloric acid; colourless to yellow monoclinic form	@ 70 mm Hg	97	139.1	sl sol	@ 100 ºC/4 ºC		0.75 torr
p-NITROPHENOL 100-02-7	colourless to slightly yellow crystals;yellow monoclinic prisms from toluene; yellow to brown solid	279	113.8	139.1	sl sol	1.270	4.8	0.0032 Pa		169
4-NITROPHENYLBENZANAMINE 836-30-6	yellow needles or tablets from carbon tetrachloride	@ 30 mm Hg	133.5	214.23	insol		7.4
2-NITRO-p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE 5307-14-2	almost black needles with dark-green luster		137	153.1	sol
p-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE 156-10-5	green plates with bluish luster (from benzene) or steel-blue prisms or plates (from ether water); yellow liquid plates; greenish crystals		143	198.2	sl sol
m-NITROTOLUENE 99-08-1	yellow liquid	232	15.5	137.1	insol	1.1581	4.73	@ 25 ºC		106
o-NITROTOLUENE 88-72-2	yellowish liquid	222	-10	137.13	insol	1.1629	4.73	@ 50 ºC	2.2 ll ? ul	106 cc
p-NITROTOLUENE 99-99-0	yellowish crystals; colourless rhombic needles; orthorhombic crystals from alcohol & ether	238.3	53-54	137.1	insol	@ 75 /4 ºC	4.72	@ 65 ºC		106
PICRIC ACID 88-89-1	yellow crystals	300	122.5	229.1	sl sol	1.763	7.90	< 1 torr		150	300
TETRYL 479-45-8	colourless to yellow, solid; monoclinic crystals; yellow prisms from alcohol	187	131.5	287.15	insol	1.57		<0.1 Pa		187
2,4,7-TRINITROFLUOREN-9-ONE 129-79-3	pale yellow needles from acetic acid or benzene		176	315.19	sl sol
2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE 118-96-7	monoclinic rhombohedra; commercial crystals (needles) are yellow; colourless or light yellow solid in form of crystals, flakes, pellets, cast blocks & cast slabs; crushed flake	240	80.1	227.13	insol	1.654	7.85	<0.1 Pa

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 05:00

Nitrocompounds, Aromatic: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
1-AMINO-2-METHYL-5-NITROBENZENE 99-55-8			6.1
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE 97-00-7		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion at about 149 °C • May explode on heating under confinement or by shock • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases (oxides of nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • Reacts with strong oxidants and strong bases	6.1
1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE 88-73-3	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic and corrosive fumes (nitrogen oxides, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene) • Reacts violently with reducing materials, causing fire and explosion hazard	6.1
1-CHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE 121-73-3			6.1
1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE 100-00-5		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases (nitrogen oxides, hydrochloric acid, phosgene and chlorine) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts with many substances causing fire and explosion hazard
2,3-DINITROTOLUENE 602-01-7	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen • Reacts with strong bases, oxidants, and reducing agents	6.1
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 606-20-2	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen • Reacts with strong bases, oxidants, and reducing agents	6.1
3,4-DINITROTOLUENE 610-39-9	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen • Reacts with strong bases, oxidants, and reducing agents	6.1
DINITROBENZENE 25154-54-5	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating under confinement • On combustion, forms toxic gases and fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, strong bases, and reducing agents, causing fire and explosion hazard • Mixtures with nitric acid are highly explosive!	6.1
1,3-DINITROBENZENE 99-65-0	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating under confinement • On combustion, forms toxic gases and fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, strong bases, and reducing metals (tin and zinc), causing fire and explosion hazard • Mixtures with nitric acid are highly explosive!	6.1
o-DINITROBENZENE 528-29-0	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating under confinement • On combustion, forms toxic gases and fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, strong bases, and reducing metals, eg, zinc and tin, fire and explosion hazard • Mixtures with nitric acid are highly explosive!	6.1
p-DINITROBENZENE 100-25-4	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating under confinement • On combustion, forms toxic gases and fumes • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, strong bases, and metals eg, tin and zinc, causing fire and explosion hazard • Mixtures with nitric acid are highly explosive!	6.1
2,4-DINITROPHENOL 51-28-5	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • May explode on heating
DINITROTOLUENE 25321-14-6	The vapour is heavier than air • Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance can form explosive peroxides • May explode on heating or exposure to flames • The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic gases and fumes (carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen) • Reacts violently with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with strong bases and metals such as tin and zinc and may cause evolution of heat and increase in pressure • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings	6.1
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 121-14-2	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen • Reacts with strong bases, oxidants, and reducing agents	6.1
5-NITRO-o-ANISIDINE 99-59-2			6.1
NITROBENZENE 98-95-3		On combustion, forms corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides • Reacts violently with strong oxidants and reducing agents, causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks many plastics • Forms explosive (thermally unstable) substances or mixtures with many organic and inorganic compounds like oxidants, aluminium chloride with phenol, potassium hydroxide anhydrous or with small amounts of methanol, aniline with glycerol, phosphoruspentachloride, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium	6.1
4-NITRODIPHENYLAMINE 836-30-6		The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • Reacts with strong oxidantsIncompatibility: strong oxidizing agents and strong bases
1-NITRONAPHTHALENE 86-57-7			4.1
o-NITROPHENOL 88-75-5			6.1
m-NITROPHENOL 554-84-7			6.1
p-NITROPHENOL 100-02-7	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, causing fire and explosion hazard • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Mixtures with potassium hydroxide are explosive	6.1
o-NITROTOLUENE 88-72-2		The substance decomposes on contact with strong oxidants, sulfuric acid, reducing agents, acids or bases producing toxic fumes, causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings	6.1
m-NITROTOLUENE 99-08-1			6.1
p-NITROTOLUENE 99-99-0		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • Reacts violently with strong oxidizers or sulfuric acid causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings	6.1
PICRIC ACID 88-89-1		May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • May explode on heating • Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with metals, particularly copper, lead, mercury and zinc • On combustion, forms toxic carbon and nitrogen oxides • Reacts vigorously with oxidants and reducing materials	1.1D
TETRYL 479-45-8	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • The substance decomposes explosively on heating to 187 °C • Contact of tetryl with some oxidizable materials may cause fire and explosions • Detonates spontaneously on contact with trioxygendifluoride • T gases and vapours (such as nitrogen oxides) may be released on burning/exploding	1.1D
2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE 118-96-7		May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts violently with reducing agents causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with heavy metals • Explodes on heating to 240 °C	1.1D

For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; 7 = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:59

Nitrocompounds, Aromatic: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE 97-00-7	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; eyes	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting, disturbed vision Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting
1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE 88-73-3	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood	blood; liver; kidneys; spleen	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, pain
1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE 100-00-5	blood	skin; blood	Inhalation: headache, faintness, vertigo, weakness Skin: may be absorbed	Blood; liver; kidneys; CVS; spleen; bone marrow; repro sys (in animals: vascular & liver tumors) Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia; unpleasant taste; anemia; methemo; in animals: hema, hemog; spleen, kidney, bone marrow changes; repro effects; (carc)
1,2-DICHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE 3209-22-1	blood	skin; liver; kidneys	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails Skin: may be absorbed, redness, blue lips, blue fingernails Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, confusion, headache, vomiting, weakness
1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE 99-54-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin; kidneys; liver	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, burning sensation of the throat, headache, shortness of breath Skin: may be absorbed, redness, burning sensation, pain, blue lips or fingernails Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails
2,4-DICHLORO-1-NITROBENZENE 611-06-3	blood	liver; kidneys	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails Skin: may be absorbed, redness, blue lips, blue fingernails Eyes: redness Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, confusion, headache, vomiting, weakness
1,3-DINITROBENZENE 99-65-0	eyes; skin; resp tract	liver; may impair male fertility	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, weakness, burning sensation in the mouth, dry throat, thirst, disturbed vision Skin: may be absorbed, redness, skin burns, yellowing of skin Eyes: redness, burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting	Blood; liver; CVS; eyes; CNS; skin Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; vis dist, central scotomas; bad taste, burning mouth, dry throat, thirst; yellowing hair, skin; anemia; liver damage
DINITROBENZENE 25154-54-5	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; blood	liver; may impair male fertility	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, burning sensation, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat, weakness, disturbed vision Skin: may be absorbed, redness, yellowing of skin Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting
o-DINITROBENZENE 528-29-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; blood	liver	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, burning sensation, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, weakness, disturbed vision Skin: may be absorbed Eyes: redness Ingestion: Abdominal pain, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting	Blood; liver; CVS; eyes; CNS; skin Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; vis dist, central scotomas; bad taste, burning mouth, dry throat, thirst; yellowing hair, skin; anemia; liver damage
p-DINITROBENZENE 100-25-4	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, weakness, burning sensation in the mouth, dry throat, thirst, disturbed vision Skin: may be absorbed, redness, yellowing of skin Eyes: redness, burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, vomiting	Blood; liver; CVS; eyes; CNS; skin Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; vis dist, central scotomas; bad taste, burning mouth, dry throat, thirst; yellowing hair, skin; anemia; liver damage
2,4-DINITROPHENOL 51-28-5	GI tract	skin; CNS; blood; eyes;	Inhalation: sweating, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, collapse and death Skin: may be absorbed
DINITROTOLUENE 25321-14-6	blood	liver; male and female fertility	Inhalation: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, methemoglobin skin	Blood; liver; CVS; repro sys (in animals: liver, skin & kidney tumors) Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; anemia, jaun; repro effects (carc)
2,3-DINITROTOLUENE 602-01-7	CNS; CVS; blood		Skin: may be absorbed Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails; headache, nausea, sore throat; vomiting
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 121-14-2	CNS; CVS; blood		Inhalation: blue lips or fingernails, headache, nausea, sore throat, vomiting Skin: may be absorbed Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, headache, nausea, sore throat, vomiting
2,6-DINITROTOLUENE 606-20-2	blood	possibly carcinogenic to humans	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, drowsiness Skin: may be absorbed
3,4-DINITROTOLUENE 610-39-9	CNS; CVS; blood;		Skin: may be absorbed Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, headache, nausea, sore throat, vomiting
NITROBENZENE 98-95-3	eyes; blood; CNS	skin; blood; liver; CNS; spleen; may impair male fertility	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, weakness Skin: may be absorbed	Blood; liver; kidneys; CVS; skin; eyes; repro sys Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin, anoxia; derm; anemia; methemo; in animals: liver, kidney damage; testicular effects
4-NITRODIPHENYLAMINE 836-30-6	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood; brain	blood	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat, see ingestion Skin: see ingestion Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing
NITROFEN 1836-75-5	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; blood; CNS; human reproduction system	Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal pain
o-NITROTOLUENE 88-72-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood	liver; blood	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing	Blood; CNS; CVS; skin; GI tract Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; head, weak, dizz; ataxia; dysp; tacar; nau, vomit
p-NITROPHENOL 100-02-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS; blood; kidneys	CNS; liver; kidneys; blood;	Inhalation: blue skin, dizziness, headache, fever, nausea, shortness of breath, weakness, perspiration Skin: may be absorbed, redness, scabs Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: burning pain in mouth and throat, abdominal pain, dizziness, unconsciousness
p-NITROTOLUENE 99-99-0	eyes; skin; resp tract	liver; kidneys	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat, unconsciousness	Blood; CNS; CVS; skin; GI tract Inh; abs; ing; con	Anoxia, cyan; head, weak, dizz; ataxia; dysp; tacar; nau, vomit
PICRIC ACID 88-89-1	eyes; skin	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat, weakness Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting	Kidneys; liver; blood; skin; eyes Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit eyes, skin; sens derm; yellow-stained hair, skin; weak, myalgia, anuria, polyuria; bitter taste, GI dist; hepatitis, hema, album, neph
TETRYL 479-45-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; kidneys; liver; blood	skin	Inhalation: sleeplessness, cough, headache, sore throat, nosebleeds Skin: redness, yellow stains of skin and hair Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea	Resp sys; eyes; CNS; skin; liver; kidneys Inh; abs; ing; con	Sens derm, itch, eryt; edema on nasal folds, cheeks, neck; kera; sneez; anemia; ftg; cough, coryza; irrity; mal, head, lass, insom; nau, vomit; liver, kidney damage
2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE 118-96-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood	liver; blood; eyes	Eyes: redness, pain	Blood; liver; eyes; CVS; CNS; kidneys; skin; resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con	Irrit skin, muc memb; liver damage, jaun; cyan; sneez; cough, sore throat; peri neur, musc pain; kidney damage; cataract; sens derm; leucyt; anemia; card irreg

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:57

Nitrocompounds, Aromatic: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms; UN code	CAS-Number
99558	1-AMINO-2-METHYL-5-NITROBENZENE	2-Amino-4-nitrotoluene; 2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline; 6-Methyl-3-nitroaniline; 2-Methyl-5-nitro-benzeneamine	99-55-8
119346	4-AMINO-2-NITROPHENOL	4-Hydroxy-3-nitroaniline; o-Nitro-p-aminophenol; 2-Nitro-4-aminophenol	119-34-6
97007	1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	4-Chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene; 6-Chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene; 1,3-Dinitro-4-Chlorobenzene; 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene	97-00-7
88733	1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE	Chloro-o-nitrobenzene; o-Chloronitrobenzene; 2-Chloronitrobenzene; o-Nitrochlorobenzene UN1578	88-73-3
121733	1-CHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE	Chloro-m-nitrobenzene; m-Nitrochlorobenzene UN1578	121-73-3
100005	1-CHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE	p-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Chloronitrobenzene; 4-Chloro-1-Nitrobenzene; p-Nitrochlorobenzene UN1578	100-00-5
3209221	1,2-DICHLORO-3-NITROBENZENE	2,3-Dichloronitrobenzene	3209-22-1
99547	1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE	3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene	99-54-7
611063	2,4-DICHLORO-1-NITROBENZENE	2,4-Dichloronitrobenzene	611-06-3
35572782	3,5-DINITRO-o-TOLUIDINE	2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene; 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzenamine	35572-78-2
19406510	3,5-DINITRO-p-TOLUIDINE	Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene; Benzenamine, 3,5-Dinitro-4-methyl-; 4- 4-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzenamine	19406-51-0
25154545	DINITROBENZENE	UN1597	25154-54-5
528290	o-DINITROBENZENE	1,2-Dinitrobenzene UN1597	528-29-0
99650	m-DINITROBENZENE	1,3-Dinitrobenzene; 2,4-Dinitrobenzene UN1597	99-65-0
100254	p-DINITROBENZENE	UN1597	100-25-4
99332	3,5-DINITROBENZOYL CHLORIDE	3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid chloride	99-33-2
27478348	DINITRONAPHTHALENE		27478-34-8
605710	1,5-DINITRONAPHTHALENE		605-71-0
75321209	1,3-DINITROPYRENE		75321-20-9
42397648	1,6-DINITROPYRENE		42397-64-8
66568	2,3-DINITROPHENOL		66-56-8
51285	2,4-DINITROPHENOL	2,4-DNP; 1-Hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene	51-28-5
42397659	1,8-DINITROPYRENE		42397-65-9
25321146	DINITROTOLUENE	Dinitrophenylmethane; Methyldinitrobenzene UN2038	25321-14-6
602017	2,3-DINITROTOLUENE	1-Methyl-2,3-dinitrobenzene	602-01-7
121142	2,4-DINITROTOLUENE	Dinitrotoluene; 2,4-Dinitrotoluol; 1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene	121-14-2
619158	2,5-DINITROTOLUENE	2-Methyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene	619-15-8
606202	2,6-DINITROTOLUENE	2-Methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene	606-20-2
610399	3,4-DINITROTOLUENE	4-Methyl-1,2-dinitrobenzene	610-39-9
70348	1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene; 2,4-Dinitro-1-fluorobenzene; 1,2,4-Fluorodinitrobenzene	70-34-8
6393426	4-METHYL-2,6-DINITROANILINE	4-Amino-3,5-Dinitrotoluene; Benzenamine, 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitro-; 2,6-Dinitro-p-toluidine	6393-42-6
129157	2-METHYL-1-NITROANTHRAQUINONE	2-Methyl-1-nitro-9,10-anthracenedione; 1-Nitro-2-methylanthraquinone	129-15-7
614006	N-METHYL-N-NITROSOANILINE	Methylnitrosoaniline; N-Methyl-N-nitrosobenzenamine; Methylphenylnitrosamine; Nitrosomethylaniline; N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline	614-00-6
602879	5-NITROACENAPHTHENE	1,2-Dihydro-5-nitro-acenaphthylene; 5-Nitronaphthalene ethylene	602-87-9
98953	NITROBENZENE	Nitrobenzene; Nitrobenzol UN1662	98-95-3
92933	4-NITRODIPHENYL	4-Nitrobiphenyl; p-Nitrodiphenyl; p-Phenyl-nitrobenzene; 4-Phenyl-nitrobenzene	92-93-3
836306	4-NITRODIPHENYLAMINE	Benzenamine, 4-Nitro-N-phenyl-; p-Nitrodiphenylamine; p-Nitrophenylphenylamine	836-30-6
5307142	2-NITRO-p-PHENYLENEDIAMINE	4-Amino-2-nitroaniline; 1,4-Diamino-2-nitrobenzene; 2-Nitro-1,4-benzenediamine; 2-Nitro-1,4-diaminobenzene; 2-Nitro-1,4-phenylenediamine	5307-14-2
1836755	NITROFEN	2',4'-Dichloro-4-nitrobiphenyl ether; 2,4-Dichloro-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether; 2,4-Dichloro-1-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene; 2,4-Dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether	1836-75-5
86577	1-NITRONAPHTHALENE	a-Nitronaphthalene	86-57-7
581895	2-NITRONAPHTHALENE	b-Nitronaphthalene	581-89-5
99592	5-NITRO-o-ANISIDINE	2-Amino-1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene; 3-Amino-4-methoxynitrobenzene; 2-Amino-4-nitroanisole; 2-Methoxy-5-nitroaniline	99-59-2
88755	o-NITROPHENOL	2-Hydroxynitrobenzene; 2-Nitrophenol UN1663	88-75-5
554847	m-NITROPHENOL	m-Hydroxynitrobenzene; 3-Hydroxynitrobenzene; 3-Nitrophenol UN2648	554-84-7
100027	p-NITROPHENOL	4-Hydroxynitrobenzene; 4-Nitrophenol UN1663	100-02-7
5522430	1-NITROPYRENE	3-Nitropyrene	5522-43-0
156105	p-NITROSODIPHENYLAMINE	4-Nitrosodiphenylamine; p-Nitroso-N-phenylaniline; 4-Nitroso-N-phenylaniline; 4-Nitroso-N-phenylbenzenamine	156-10-5
88722	o-NITROTOLUENE	o-Methylnitrobenzene; 2-Methylnitrobenzene; 2-Nitrotoluene UN1664	88-72-2
99081	m-NITROTOLUENE	3-Methylnitrobenzene; m-Methylnitrobenzene; 3-Nitrotoluene UN1664	99-08-1
99990	p-NITROTOLUENE	p-Methylnitrobenzene; 4-Methylnitrobenzene; p-Nitrotoluene; 4-Nitrotoluene UN1664	99-99-0
88891	PICRIC ACID	2-Hydroxy-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene; 1,3,5-Trinitrophenol; 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol UN0154 UN1344	88-89-1
479458	TETRYL	N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline; N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzenamine; Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine; 2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethylnitramine UN0208	479-45-8
129793	2,4,7-TRINITROFLUOREN-9-ONE	2,4,7-Trinitro-9-fluorenone	129-79-3
75321196	1,3,6-TRINITROPYRENE		75321-19-6
118967	2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE	2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene; Trinitrotoluene UN0209 UN1356	118-96-7

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:52

Nitrocompounds, Aliphatic: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (ºC)	Auto Ignition Point (º C)
AMYL NITRITE 110-46-3	yellowish, transparent liquid	99		117.1	sl sol	0.8828	4.0
1-CHLORO-1-NITROETHANE 598-92-5		124.5		109.51	insol	1.2837
2-CHLORO-2-NITROPROPANE 594-71-8	liquid	133.6		123.55	@ 20 ° C	@ 20 ° C/20 ° C	4.3	@ 25 ° C		57 ° C oc
1-CHLORO-1-NITROPROPANE 600-25-9	liquid	143		123.54	0.5ml/100 ml	1.209	0.3	@ 25 ºC		62 oc
CHLOROPICRIN 76-06-2	slightly oily liquid; colourless; faint yellow liquid.	112	-69.2	164.4	sol	1.6558	5.7	@ 0 º C
1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE 594-72-9	colourless liquid	124		143.9	0.25 ml/100 ml	1.4271	5.0	@ 25 ºC		76 oc
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 693-21-0	liquid	161	-11.6		sl sol	@ 25 ºC
ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 628-96-6	yellowish, oily liquid; colourless	197-200	-22.3	152.06	insol	1.4918	5.24	7 Pa		215 cc	114
ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE mixed with NITROGLYCERIN (1:1) 53569-64-5	pale yellow, viscous liquid	197-200	-22.3	152.06	sl sol	1.4978				218
ETHYL NITRATE 625-58-1	colourless liquid	87.2 ° C at 762 mm Hg	94.6 ° C	91.07	@ 55 ° C	1.1084 at 20 ° C/4 ° C	3.1		lower, 4.0% by vol	10
ETHYL NITRITE 109-95-5	colourless or yellowish, clear liquid	17	-50	75.07	slightly sol	@ 15 ° C/15 ° C	2.6		4.0% ll 50.0% ul by volume in air	-35 ° C	90 (decomposes)
NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID 139-13-9	prismatic crystals from hot water; white crystalline powder		242	191.1	sl sol	> 1
NITROETHANE 79-24-3	oily liquid; colourless liquid	114	-50	75.07	sl sol	@ 25 ºC/4 ºC	2.58	2.08	4.0 ll ? ul	28	414
NITROGLYCERIN 55-63-0	pale yellow triclinic or rhombic crystals below melting point; viscous liquid; pale-yellow, oily liquid	260	13	227.1	sl sol	1.5931	7.8	0.0025 mm Hg			270
NITROMETHANE 75-52-5	colourless liquid; oily liquid	101.1	-29	61.04	sol	1.14	2.11	3.5	7.3 ll ? ul	35 cc	417
1-NITROPROPANE 108-03-2	colourless liquid	131.6	-108	89.09	sl sol	@ 25 ºC/4 ºC	3.1	7.5 mm Hg	2.2	34
2-NITROPROPANE 79-46-9	colourless liquid	120	-93	89.09	sl sol	@ 25 ºC/4 ºC	3.06	@ 25 ºC	2.6 ll 11.0 ul	24 cc	428
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE 78-11-5	white crystalline; prisms (acetone-alcohol)	@ 50 mm Hg	140	316.1	sl sol	1.773
PROPYL NITRATE 627-13-4		110		105.09	sl sol	1.0538
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 6423-43-4	colourless liquid	121	-27.7	166.09	sol	0.9234				361
TETRANITROMETHANE 509-14-8	pale yellow liquid; colourless oily fluid	126	13.8	196.0	insol	1.6229	0.8	@ 25 ºC

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:51

Nitrocompounds, Aliphatic: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 628-96-6		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • Reacts with acids
NITROETHANE 79-24-3		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • May explode on heating rapidly to high temperature • Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with strong alkalies, acids or combination of amines and heavy metal oxides • On combustion, forms toxic gases (nitrogen dioxide) • The substance decomposes on heating above 300°C producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • May attack some forms of plastic	3
NITROMETHANE 75-52-5	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • May explode on heating • The substance decomposes on heating producing nitrogen oxides • Reacts with alkalis causing compound formation which when dry pose explosion hazard • Forms shock sensitive mixture with amines	3
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE 78-11-5			1.1D

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:49

Nitrocompounds, Aliphatic: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short-Term Exposure	ICSC Long-Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE 628-96-6	CVS	CVS	Inhalation: dizziness, headache, nausea, weakness, symptoms may be delayed Skin: may be absorbed	CVS; blood; skin; liver; kidneys Inh, abs, ing, con	Throb head; dizz; nau, vomit, abdom pain; hypotension, flush, palp, angina; methemo; delirium, CNS depres; irrit skin; in animals: anemia; liver, kidney damage
NITROETHANE 79-24-3	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough, headache Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, sore throat	Skin; resp sys; CNS; kidneys; liver Inh, ing, con	Derm; in animals: lac; dysp, pulm rales, edema; liver, kidney inj; narco
NITROMETHANE 75-52-5	CNS	skin; kidneys; liver	Inhalation: cough, dizziness, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting Skin: dry skin Eyes: redness	Eyes; skin; CNS; liver Inh, ing, con	Derm; in animals: irrit eyes, resp sys; convuls, narco; liver damage

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Thursday, 18 August 2011 04:48

Nitrocompounds, Aliphatic: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
110463	AMYL NITRITE	Isoamyl nitrite; 3-Methylbutanol nitrite; 3-Methylbutyl nitrite; Nitramyl; Nitrous acid, 3-methylbutyl ester	110-46-3
598925	1-CHLORO-1-NITROETHANE		598-92-5
600259	1-CHLORO-1-NITROPROPANE	Chloronitropropane	600-25-9
594718	2-CHLORO-2-NITROPROPANE	Ethyl nitrite; Ethyl nitrite solutions (DOT); Nitrosyl ethoxide; Nitrous ether; Nitrous ethyl ether UN1194	594-71-8
76062	CHLOROPICRIN	Nitrochloroform; Nitrotrichloromethane; Trichloronitromethane UN1580 UN1583	76-06-2
594729	1,1-DICHLORO-1-NITROETHANE	Dichloronitroethane UN2650	594-72-9
693210	DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE	Di(hydroxyethyl) ether dinitrate UN0075	693-21-0
625581	ETHYL NITRATE	Nitric acid, propyl ester; Propyl nitrate; n-Propyl nitrate	625-58-1
109955	ETHYL NITRITE	Nitric acid, propyl ester; Propyl nitrate; n-Propyl nitrate	109-95-5
628966	ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE	Dinitroglycol; Ethylene dinitrate; Ethylene nitrate; Glycol dinitrate; Nitroglycol	628-96-6
53569645	ETHYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE mixed with NITROGLYCERIN (1:1)		53569-64-5
110463	AMYL NITRITE	Isoamyl nitrite; 3-Methylbutanol nitrite; 3-Methylbutyl nitrite; Nitramyl; Nitrous acid, 3-methylbutyl ester	110-46-3
139139	NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID	Aminotriacetic acid; N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)glycine; Triglycine; Triglycollamic acid	139-13-9
79243	NITROETHANE	UN2842	79-24-3
55630	NITROGLYCERIN	Glycerol trinitrate; Glyceryl nitrate; Glyceryl trinitrate; Nitroglycerol UN0143 UN0144 UN1204 UN3064	55-63-0
75525	NITROMETHANE	Nitrocarbol UN1261	75-52-5
108032	1-NITROPROPANE		108-03-2
79469	2-NITROPROPANE	Dimethylnitromethane; Isonitropropane; Nitroisopropane	79-46-9
78115	PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE	2,2-Bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-1,3-Propanediol dinitrate (ester); 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Propanediol tetranitrate; Neopentanetetrayl nitrate; Nitropentaerythrite UN0411	78-11-5
627134	PROPYL NITRATE	Nitric acid, propyl ester; n-Propyl nitrate ; UN1865	627-13-4
6423434	1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL DINITRATE	Propylene dinitrate; Propylene glycol 1,2-dinitrate; 1,2-Propanediol, dinitrate	6423-43-4
509148	TETRANITROMETHANE	UN1510	509-14-8

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Friday, 12 August 2011 01:40

Peroxides, Organic & Inogarnic: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (°C)	Auto Ignition Point (°C)
BENZOYL PEROXIDE 94-36-0	crystals; white, granular powder	explodes	103-106 decomp	242.2	sl sol	@ 25 °C	8.4	<0.1			80
tert-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE 75-91-2	water-white liquid	89 decomp	-8	90.12	sol	0.8960	2.07	3.07	5 ll 10 ul	43	238
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE 80-15-9	colourless to pale-yellow liquid	153	-10	152.2	sl sol	1.05		32 Pa	0.9 ll 6.5 ul	79	221
DICUMYL PEROXIDE 80-43-3	pale yellow to white granular solid		28	270.40		1.02
DIISOPROPYL PEROXYDICARBONATE 105-64-6	coarse granular crystalline solid; colorless		8-10	206.22	insol	@ 15.5 °C/4 °C
DODECANOYL PEROXIDE 105-74-8	white coarse powder; white plates	decomp	49	398.70	insol	@ 25 °C (solid)					112
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 7722-84-1	a clear, colourless liquid; at low temperatures a crystalline solid	152	-0.43	34.02	misc	@ 0 °C/4 °C	1.0	0.2 (90%), 0.1 (70%)

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Friday, 12 August 2011 01:38

Peroxides, Organic & Inogarnic: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
BENZOYL PEROXIDE 94-36-0		May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion • May explode on heating • On combustion, forms irritating and toxic fumes and gases of benzoic acid and carbon monoxide • The substance decomposes on heating at 103 °C • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • Reacts violently with many organic and inorganic acids, alcohols and amines causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber or coatings; fires and explosions may result
tert-BUTYL HYDROPEROXIDE 75-91-2		May explode on heating • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, metallic and sulphur compounds
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE 80-15-9		May explode on heating at about 150 °C • On combustion, forms toxic gases • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, causing fire and explosion hazard • Contact with copper or lead alloys and mineral acids may lead to violent decomposition	5.2
DICUMYL PEROXIDE 80-43-3
DIISOPROPYL PEROXYDICARBONATE 105-64-6
DODECANOYL PEROXIDE 105-74-8			5.2
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 7722-84-1		The substance decomposes on warming or under influence of light producing oxygen, which increases fire hazard • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials causing fire and explosion hazard particularly in the presence of metals • Attacks many organic substances, eg., textile and paper

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

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Contents

Chemical Processing References