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Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:55

Alkaline Materials: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (°C)	Melting Point (°C)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (°C)	Auto Ignition Point (°C)
AMMONIA 7664-41-7	colourless gas, liquid	-33.35	-77.7	17.03	sol	0.7710	0.59	@ 26 °C	16 ll 25 ul	flammable gas	651
AMMONIUM BICARBONATE 1066-33-7	colourless rhombic or monoclinic crystals; shiny, hard, colourless or white prisms or crystalline mass		107.5	79.06	@ 10 °C	1.57
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 12125-02-9	colourless crystals or crystalline masses; or white, granular powder; cubic crystals; a white, fine or coarse, crystalline powder	520	338 decomp	53.50	sol	@ 25 °C		@ 160 °C
AMMONIUM FLUORIDE 12125-01-8	leaflets or needles; hexagonal prisms by sublimation; colourless hexagonal crystals; white crystals			37.04	@ 25 °C	1.015
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE 1336-21-6	colourless liquid		-77	35.05	misc	@ 25 °C
AMMONIUM NITRATE 6484-52-2	colourless rhombic crystals; monoclinic when teMelting Point is greater than 32.1 °C; transparent crystals or white granules; five solid phases exist at normal pressure; orthorhombic at room temp; colourless (pure) to gray or brown (fertilizer grade).	210 decomp	169.6	80.06	@ 0 °C; 871 g/100 ml	@ 25 °C
CALCIUM 7440-70-2	lustrous, silver-white surface (when freshly cut); face-centered cubic structure below 300 °C; acquires bluish-gray tarnish on exposure to moist air	1440	850	40.08		1.54		@ 983 °C
CALCIUM BROMATE 10102-75-7	white crystalline powder	149	38.2	313.90	v sol	3.329
CALCIUM CARBIDE 75-20-7	grayish-black, irregular lumps or orthorhombic crystals; colourless tetragonal crystals		2300	64.10	reacts	2.22
CALCIUM CARBONATE 1317-65-3	white powder or colourless crystals	825 decomp			sl sol	2.7-2.95
CALCIUM CHLORATE 10137-74-3			340 ± 10	206.99	sol	@ 0 °C
CALCIUM CHLORIDE 10043-52-4	cubic crystals, granules or fused masses; colourless	1, 935	772	110.98	74.5 g/100 ml	@ 15 °C/4 °C
CALCIUM HYDRIDE 7789-78-8	grayish-white lumps or crystals	675 decomp		42.10	decomposes	1.7
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 1305-62-0	crystals or soft granules or powder; colourless, hexagonal; rhombic, trigonal, colourless crystals; white powder	580 decomp	580	74.10	insol	2.24
CALCIUM NITRATE 10124-37-5	granules; colourless, cubic crystals; white mass		560	164.10	v sol	@ 18 °C
CALCIUM NITRITE 13780-06-8	colourless or yellowish crystals		100	150.11	sol	@ 34 °C
CALCIUM OXIDE 1305-78-8	colourless cubic crystals; white or grayish white lumps, or granular powder	2850	2570	56.08		3.32-3.35
CARBONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT 471-34-1	fine, white, microcrystalline powder; powder or crystals; aragonite: orthorhombic; calcite: hexagonal-rhombohedral		825 decomp	102.10	insol	2.7-2.9
DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE 7783-28-0	colourless, monoclinic; white crystals or powder	decomp	155 decomp	132.07	1 g/1.7 ml	1.619
LITHIUM 7439-93-2	silvery-white metal; body-centered cubic structure; becomes yellowish on exposure to moist air; tarnishes to grayish-white on exposure to air	1342	180.54	6.941	reacts	0.534		@ 723 °C:
LITHIUM CARBONATE 554-13-2	white, light powder; monoclinic	1310 decomp	618-723	73.89	insol	2.11
LITHIUM CHLORIDE 7447-41-8	cubic crystals, granules or crystalline powder; white	1360	613	42.40	1 g/1.3 ml	2.07
LITHIUM HYDRIDE 7580-67-8	commercial product is usually gray; white, translucent, crystalline mass or powder	850 decomp	680	7.95	reacts	0.76-0.77		0 mm Hg		highly flammable	200
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-65-2	crystals	decomp	450-471		12.8 g/100 ml	1.46
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE 1310-66-3	crystals		450-471		10.9 g/100 ml	1.51
PERCHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT 7778-74-7	colourless crystals or white, crystalline powder; colourless, rhombic crystals		400 decomp	138.55	sol in 65 parts	2.52
POTASSIUM 7440-09-7	soft, silvery-white metal; body-centered cubic structure	765.5	63.2	39.098		0.856		@ 432 °C
POTASSIUM BROMATE 7758-01-2	white crystals or granules; colourless, trigonal crystals		434	167.01	@ 25 °C	@ 17.5 °C
POTASSIUM BROMIDE 7758-02-3	colourless crystals or white granules or powder; cubic crystals	1435	730	119.01	1 g/1.5 ml	@ 25 °C
POTASSIUM CARBONATE 584-08-7	granules or granular powder; colorless, monoclinic crystals; white granular powder; *granular translucent powder		891	140.82	112 g/100 ml cold	2.29
POTASSIUM CHLORATE 3811-04-9	colourless, lustrous crystals or white granules or powder	400 decomp	368	122.55	1 g/16.5 ml	2.32
POTASSIUM FLUORIDE 7789-23-3	colourless cubic deliquescent	1505	858	58.10	v sol	2.48
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-58-3	white or slightly yellow lumps, rods, pellets; sticks, flakes, or fused masses; white rhombic crystals; colourless watery liquid	1324	380	56.11	@ 25 °C	2.044 mg/ml		@ 714 °C
POTASSIUM IODATE 7758-05-6	white crystals or crystalline powder; colourless monoclinic crystals		560	214.02	4.74 g/100 ml	@ 32 °C/4 °C
POTASSIUM IODIDE 7681-11-0	colourless or white, cubical crystals, white granules, or powder; hexahedral crystals, either transparent or somewhat opaque	1330	680	166.02	sol 1g/0.7 ml	3.13
POTASSIUM NITRATE 7757-79-1	colourless, rhombic or trigonal crystals; white granular or crystalline powder	400 decomp	334	101.10	@ 25 °C	@ 16 °C
POTASSIUM NITRITE 7758-09-0	white or slightly yellow granules or rods; white yellowish prism		@ 351	85.10	v sol	1.915
POTASSIUM OXIDE 12136-45-7	crystalline powder		350		reacts	2.3
POTASSIUM PERIODATE 7790-21-8	small colourless crystals or white granular powder		582	230	sl sol	3.168				582
SODIUM 7440-23-5	light, silvery-white metal; body-centered cubic structure; lustrous when freshly cut	881.4	97.82	22.99		0.968		@ 400 °C			115 in dry air
SODIUM BICARBONATE 144-55-8	white, monoclinic prisms; white crystalline powder or granules		@ 270	84.01	@ 25 °C; 12 parts	2.159
SODIUM BROMATE 7789-38-0	colourless cubic crystals; white granules or crystalline powder		381	150.90	@ 0 °C 90.9 g/100 ml	@ 17.5 °C
SODIUM CARBONATE 497-19-8	white powder; grayish-white powder or lumps containing up to 99% sodium carbonate.		- 851	106.00	sol in 3.5 parts	2.53
SODIUM CHLORATE 7775-09-9	colourless; cubic or trigonal crystals; white powder; pale yellow to white crystals; colourless powder; colourless crystals or white granules	122	248	106.5		@ 15 °C	3.7
SODIUM CHLORIDE 7647-14-5	colourless, transparent crystals or white, crystalline powder	1413	801	58.44	@ 0 °C; 9.2 g/100 ml	@ 25 °C/4 °C		@ 865 °C
SODIUM CHLORITE 7758-19-2	white crystalline solid; crystals or flakes		180-200	90.44	@ 5 °C 39 g/100 g	2.468 g/ml in crystalline form
SODIUM ETHYLATE 141-52-6	white or yellowish powder; white powder sometimes having brownish tinge			68.06
SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-73-2	lumps, chips, pellets, sticks; white flakes or cake; fused solid with cryst fracture	1390	318.4	40.01	1 g/ 0.9 ml	@ 25 °C		@ 739 °C
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE 7681-52-9	in solution only; greenish yellow liquid			74.44	sol	1.21
SODIUM IODIDE 7681-82-5	colourless, cubic crystals; white crystals or granules; white powder	1304	651	149.92	@ 25 °C	3.67		@ 767 °C
SODIUM METHYLATE 124-41-4	amorphous, free flowing powder		127 decomp	54.03	reacts	0.45					70-80
SODIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE 7558-79-4	colourless, or white, granular salt			141.98	sol 8 parts 25 °C
SODIUM NITRATE 7631-99-4	colourless, trigonal or rhombohedron crystals; white granules or powder	380 decomp	308	85.01	@ 25 °C	2.26
SODIUM NITRITE 7632-00-0	colourless-yellow rhombohedral prisms; white or slightly yellow granules, rods, or powder; slightly yellowish or white crystals, pellets, sticks or powder	320 decomp	271	69.00	sol	2.26
SODIUM PEROXIDE 1313-60-6	yellowish-white, granular powder; white powder turning yellow on exposure to atmosphere; yellowish-white powder turns yellow when heated	657 decomp	460 decomp	77.99	v sol	2.805
SODIUM PHOSPHATE 7601-54-9				163.94	8.8 g /100 ml	@ 17.5 °C
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE 7758-29-4	powder and granules; white powder			367.86	sol
TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE 75-57-0	white crystalline solid		420	109.6	sol	1.1690

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:53

Alkaline Materials: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
AMMONIA 7664-41-7	The gas is lighter than air • It is difficult to ignite • Spilled liquid has very low temperature and evaporates quickly	Shock-sensitive compounds are formed with mercury, silver and gold oxides • The substance is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to eg, aluminum and zinc • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, halogens and interhalogens • Attacks copper, aluminum, zinc, and their alloys • Dissolves in water evolving heat	2.3/ 8
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 12125-02-9		The substance decomposes on heating or on burning, producing toxic and irritating fumes (nitrogen oxides, ammonia and hydrogen chloride) • The solution in water is a weak acid • Reacts violently with ammonium nitrate and potassium chlorate causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with highly concentrated acids to form hydrogen chloride and with strong bases to form ammonia • Reacts with silver salts to form compounds that are sensitive to mechanical shock • Attacks copper and its compounds
AMMONIUM FLUORIDE 12125-01-8			6.1
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE 1336-21-6			8
AMMONIUM NITRATE 6484-52-2		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials	5.1
CALCIUM 7440-70-2			4.3
CALCIUM CARBIDE 75-20-7		The substance decomposes violently on contact with water producing acetylene gas, causing fire and explosion hazard	4.3
CALCIUM CHLORATE 10137-74-3			5.1
CALCIUM HYDRIDE 7789-78-8			4.3
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 1305-62-0		The substance decomposes on heating producing calcium oxide • The substance is a medium strong base	8
CALCIUM NITRATE 10124-37-5			5.1
CALCIUM OXIDE 1305-78-8		The solution in water is a medium strong base • Reacts violently with strong acids, water, chlorine or boron trifluoride • Reacts with water generating sufficient heat to ignite combustible materials	8
CARBONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT 471-34-1		The substance decomposes on heating to high temperature producing carbon dioxide • Reacts with acids causing carbon dioxide release
CHLORIC ACID, SODIUM SALT 7775-09-9		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • The substance decomposes on heating above 300°C or on burning producing oxygen, which increases fire hazard, and toxic fumes (chlorine) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with strong acids giving off carbon dioxide • Reacts with organic contaminants to form shock-sensitive mixtures • Attacks zinc and steel	5.1
LITHIUM 7439-93-2		Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact with air when finely dispersed • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, acids and many compounds (hydrocarbons, halogens and halons) causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts violently with water, forming highly flammable hydrogen gas and corrosive fumes of lithium hydroxide	4.3
LITHIUM CARBONATE 554-13-2		The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide • The solution in water is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium and zinc • violently with strong acid (HCl)Reacts violently with fluorine • Attacks aluminum and zinc
LITHIUM CHLORIDE 7447-41-8		The solution in water is corrosive to metals
LITHIUM HYDRIDE 7580-67-8	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact with air • The substance decomposes exothermically on heating to about 500°C or in contact with moisture or acids, producing flammable gas • Reacts violently with strong oxidants • Reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide which is very caustic, and flammable hydrogen gas • Reacts with lower alcohols, carboxylic acids, chlorine and ammonia at 400°C to liberate hydrogen gas • Lithium hydride powder and liquid oxygen are detonable explosives	4.3
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-65-2		The solution in water is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium and zinc
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE 1310-66-3		The solution in water is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium and zinc	8
PERCHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT 7778-74-7		The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes (chlorine, chloroxides) • Reacts violently with metal powders, combustible, organic or other oxidizable materials causing fire and explosion hazard • When heated to decomposition toxic fumes of chloride, potassium- and chloroxide are formed
POTASSIUM 7440-09-7			4.3
POTASSIUM BROMATE 7758-01-2			5.1
POTASSIUM CHLORATE 3811-04-9		The substance decomposes on warming, on heating, on burning, on contact with organic substances, combustible agents, metal powders, sulfuric acid, ammonium containing substances, alcohols, producing chlorine dioxide, chlorine and oxygen, causing fire and explosion hazard • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants	5.1
POTASSIUM FLUORIDE 7789-23-3			6.1
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-58-3		The substance is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive in moist air toward metals such as zinc, aluminum, tin and lead forming a combustible/explosive gas (hydrogen) • Rapidly absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air • Contact with moisture or water will generate heat	8
POTASSIUM NITRATE 7757-79-1		The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing nitrogen oxides, oxygen, which increases fire hazard • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials	5.1
POTASSIUM NITRITE 7758-09-0		May explode on heating above 530°C • The substance decomposes on contact with even weak acids producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials causing fire and explosion hazard	5.1
POTASSIUM OXIDE 12136-45-7		The substance decomposes on contact with water producing potassium hydroxide • The solution in water is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive • Attacks many metals in presence of water
SODIUM 7440-23-5			4.3
SODIUM BROMATE 7789-38-0			5.1
SODIUM CARBONATE 497-19-8
SODIUM CHLORITE 7758-19-2			5.1
SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-73-2		The substance is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive in moist air to metals like zinc, aluminum, tin and lead forming a combustible/explosive gas (hydrogen) • Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber or coatings • Rapidly absorbs carbon dioxide and water from air • Contact with moisture or water may generate heat	8
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE 7681-52-9			8
SODIUM METHYLATE 124-41-4	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion • The substance decomposes on contact with water producing methanol, which increases fire hazard • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidants • The substance is a strong base, it reacts violently with acid and is corrosive • Attacks many metals in presence of water	4.2/ 8
SODIUM NITRATE 7631-99-4		The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing nitrogen oxides and oxygen, which increases fire hazard • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials, causing fire and explosion hazard
SODIUM NITRITE 7632-00-0		May explode on heating above 530°C • The substance decomposes on contact with even weak acids producing toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts with combustible and reducing materials causing fire and explosion hazard	5.1
SODIUM PEROXIDE 1313-60-6			5.1

For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; 7 = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance.

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:52

Alkaline Materials: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	ICSC Short Term Exposure	ICSC Long Term Exposure	ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
AMMONIA 7664-41-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, symptoms may have delayed effects Skin: On contact with liquid: frostbite Eyes: severe deep burns	Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh, abs, ing (soln), con (solnliq)	Irrit eyes, nose, throat; dysp, bronspas, chest pain; pulm edema; pink frothy sputum; skin burns, vesic; liq: frostbite
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 12125-02-9	eyes; skin; resp tract		Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: nausea, sore throat, vomiting	Eyes, skin, resp sys Inh, con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; cough, dysp, pulm sens
CALCIUM CARBIDE 75-20-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: redness, skin burns, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 1305-62-0	skin; resp tract; eyes	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough Skin: redness, roughness, burning sensation Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, vomiting, weakness	Eyes, skin, resp sys Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, upper resp sys; eye, skin burns; skin vesic; cough, bron, pneu
CALCIUM OXIDE 1305-78-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, shortness of breath Skin: redness, skin burns, burning sensation, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting, collapse	Resp sys; skin; eyes Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, upper resp sys; ulcer, perf nasal septum; pneu; derm
CARBONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT 471-34-1	eyes; resp tract		Inhalation: cough Skin: dry skin Eyes: redness
CHLORIC ACID, SODIUM SALT 7775-09-9	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood ;kidneys	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, diarrhoea, nausea, shortness of breath, unconsciousness, vomiting
LITHIUM 7439-93-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, burning sensation, nausea, shock or collapse, vomiting, weakness
LITHIUM CARBONATE 554-13-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS; CVS; GI tract	skin; CNS; CVS; stomach; kidneys; genes	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, confusion, diarrhoea, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting
LITHIUM CHLORIDE 7447-41-8	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; CNS; kidneys; genes	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision
LITHIUM HYDRIDE 7580-67-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: cough, nausea, vomiting, tremors, twitching, confusion, blurred vision, laboured breathing, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, skin burns Eyes: redness, severe deep burns Ingestion: dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin; eye, skin burns; mouth, esophagus burns (if ingested); nau; musc twitches; mental conf; blurred vision
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-65-2			Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, nausea, shock or collapse, vomiting, weakness
LITHIUM HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE 1310-66-3			Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, nausea, vomiting, weakness
PERCHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT 7778-74-7	eyes; skin; resp tract	blood	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain
POTASSIUM CHLORATE 3811-04-9	mucous membranes; upper resp tract; blood; liver; kidneys; CNS	skin	Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, anemia, haemolytic haemorrhage, nausea, shortness of breath, unconsciousness, vomiting, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, burning sensation Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, diarrhoea, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, sore throat, unconsciousness, vomiting, anuria, collapse, seizure
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-58-3	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, pain Eyes: corrosive, redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: corrosive, abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting, collapse	Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; cough, sneez; eye, skin burns; vomit, diarr
POTASSIUM NITRITE 7758-09-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood; CVS		Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat, unconsciousness Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat, unconsciousness, vomiting, rapid pulse
POTASSIUM OXIDE 12136-45-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, shortness of breath Skin: skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: burning sensation, shock, abdominal cramps
SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1310-73-2	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, pain Eyes: corrosive, redness,pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: corrosive, severe pain, abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, vomiting, collapse	Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; pneuitis; eye, skin burns; temporary loss of hair
SODIUM METHYLATE 124-41-4	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: burning sensation, abdominal pain, shock
SODIUM NITRITE 7632-00-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; blood; CNS; kidneys		Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat, unconsciousness Skin: redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain, may be adsorbed Ingestion: abdominal pain, blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, diarrhoea, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, unconsciousness

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:49

Alkaline Materials: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-number
NH₃	AMMONIA	Ammonia anhydrous UN1005	7664-41-7
(NH₄)₂ CO₃	AMMONIUM BICARBONATE	Ammonium carbonate; Ammonium hydrogen carbonate; Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt; Monoammonium carbonate	1066-33-7
NH₄Cl	AMMONIUM CHLORIDE	Salmiac	12125-02-9
NH₄F	AMMONIUM FLUORIDE	Ammonium fluoride UN2505	12125-01-8
NH₄OH	AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE	UN2073 UN2672	1336-21-6
HNO₃NH₃	AMMONIUM NITRATE	Nitric acid, ammonium salt UN0222 UN1942 UN2426	6484-52-2
Ca	CALCIUM	Calcicat UN1401	7440-70-2
CaBrO₃	CALCIUM BROMATE		10102-75-7
CaC₂	CALCIUM CARBIDE	Acetylenogen; Calcium acetylide; Calcium dicarbide UN1402	75-20-7
CaCO₃	CALCIUM CARBONATE	Domolite; Limestone; Marble; Portland stone	1317-65-3
CaCl₂O₆	CALCIUM CHLORATE	Chloric acid, calcium salt UN1452 UN2429	10137-74-3
CaCl₂	CALCIUM CHLORIDE		10043-52-4
CaH	CALCIUM HYDRIDE		7789-78-8
Ca(OH)₂	CALCIUM HYDROXIDE	Calcium dihydroxide; Calcium hydrate; Hydrated lime	1305-62-0
N₂-O₆Ca	CALCIUM NITRATE	Calcium dinitrate; Calcium nitrate; Calcium saltpeter UN1454	10124-37-5
Ca(NO₂)₂	CALCIUM NITRITE		13780-06-8
CaO	CALCIUM OXIDE	Burnt lime; Calcia; Desical p; Lime; Lime, burned UN1910	1305-78-8
CaCO₃	CARBONIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT	Calcium carbonate (1:1); Calcium monocarbonate	471-34-1
Li₂CO₃	LITHIUM CARBONATE	Carbonic acid, dilithium salt; Carbonic acid lithium salt; Dilithium carbonate	554-13-2
LiCl	LITHIUM CHLORIDE		7447-41-8
LiH	LITHIUM HYDRIDE	UN1414 UN2805	7580-67-8
LiOH	LITHIUM HYDROXIDE	UN2679 UN2680	1310-65-2
LiOH^.H₂O	LITHIUM HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE		1310-66-3
Na₅P₃O₁₀	SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE	Pentasodium triphosphate; Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt; Pentasodium tripolyphosphate; Sodium phosphate	7758-29-4
KO₄Cl	PERCHLORIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT	Potassium hyperchloride; Potassium perchlorate UN1489	7778-74-7
NaO₄ Cl	PERCHLORIC ACID, SODIUM SALT	Sodium perchlorate UN1502	7601-89-0
K	POTASSIUM	UN1420 UN2257	7440-09-7
KBrO₃	POTASSIUM BROMATE	UN1484	7758-01-2
KBr	POTASSIUM BROMIDE	Bromide salt of potassium; Tripotassium tribromide	7758-02-3
K₂H₂CO₃	POTASSIUM CARBONATE	Carbonic acid, dipotassium salt; K-gran; Pearl ash; Potash	584-08-7
KO₃Cl	POTASSIUM CHLORATE	Potassium chlorate UN1485 UN2427	3811-04-9
KF	POTASSIUM FLUORIDE	UN1812	7789-23-3
KOH	POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE	Caustic potash; Potassium hydrate UN1813 UN1814	1310-58-3
KIO₃	POTASSIUM IODATE	Iodic acid, potassium salt	7758-05-6
KI	POTASSIUM IODIDE	Knollide; Potide	7681-11-0
KNO₃	POTASSIUM NITRATE	Nitric acid, potassium salt; Saltpeter UN1486	7757-79-1
KNO₂	POTASSIUM NITRITE	Nitrous acid, potassium salt UN1488	7758-09-0
KO	POTASSIUM OXIDE		12136-45-7
KIO	POTASSIUM PERIODATE		7790-21-8
Na	SODIUM	UN1428	7440-23-5
NaHCO₃	SODIUM BICARBONATE	Baking soda; Monosodium carbonate; Sodium acid carbonate; Sodium hydrogen carbonate	144-55-8
NaBrO₃	SODIUM BROMATE	Bromic acid, sodium salt UN1494	7789-38-0
Na₂CO₃	SODIUM CARBONATE	Crystol carbonate; Disodium carbonate; Soda ash; Solvay soda; Trona	497-19-8
NaO₃Cl	SODIUM CHLORATE	Chloric acid, sodium salt ; Soda chlorate UN1495 UN2428	7775-09-9
NaCl	SODIUM CHLORIDE	Common salt; Sea salt; Table salt	7647-14-5
NaHO₂Cl	SODIUM CHLORITE	UN1496 UN1908	7758-19-2
NaOC₂H₅	SODIUM ETHYLATE	Sodium ethoxide; Ethanol, sodium salt;	141-52-6
NaOCl	SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE	Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt; UN1791	7681-52-9
NaOH	SODIUM HYDROXIDE	Caustic soda; Sodium hydrate; White caustic UN1823 UN1824	1310-73-2
NaI	SODIUM IODIDE	Sodium iodine; Sodium monoiodide	7681-82-5
Li	LITHIUM	UN1415	7439-93-2
NaOCH₃	SODIUM METHYLATE	Sodium methoxide; Methanol, sodium salt UN1431 UN1289	124-41-4
Na₂HPO₄	SODIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE	Disodium hydrogen phosphate; Disodium orthophosphate; Disodium phosphate; Disodium phosphoric acid; Sodium hydrogen phosphate	7558-79-4
NaNO₃	SODIUM NITRATE	Nitric acid, sodium salt; Sodium saltpeter UN1498	7631-99-4
NaNO₂	SODIUM NITRITE	Nitrous acid, sodium salt UN1500	7632-00-0
Na₂O₂	SODIUM PEROXIDE	Disodium dioxide; Disodium peroxide; Sodium dioxide; Sodium oxide (Na₂O₂) UN1504	1313-60-6
Na₃PO₄	SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Tribasic sodium phosphate; Trisodium orthophosphate; Trisodium phosphate	7601-54-9
N(CH₃)₄Cl	TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE	Methanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride; N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride	75-57-0

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:44

Aldehydes & Ketals: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (ºC)	Melting Point (ºC)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (ºC)	Auto Ignition Point (ºC)
ACETAL 105-57-7	colourless liquid	102.2	-100	118.17	sol	0.83	4.08	20 mm Hg	1.6 ll 10.4 ul	-21 cc	230
ACETALDEHYDE 75-07-0	colourless liquid; colourless gas	21	-123	44.05	misc	@ 16 ºC/4 ºC	1.52	99	4 ll 57 ul	-39	185
ACROLEIN 107-02-8	colourless or yellowish liquid	53	-88	56.06	v sol	0.84	1.94	29	2.8 ll 31 ul	-26 cc	234
BENZALDEHYDE 100-52-7	colourless liquid	179	-26	106.12	sl sol	@ 15 ºC/4 ºC	3.66	@ 26 ºC		63 cc	179
BUTYLALDEHYDE 123-72-8	colourless liquid; water-white liquid	74.8	-99	72.10	sol	0.8	2.5	12.2	1.9 ll 12.5 ul	-667 cc	230
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE 107-20-0	clear, colourless liquid	85.5	-16.3	78.50	misc	1.19	2.7	13.3		877 cc	88
CHLORAL 75-87-6	oily liq	@ 760 mm Hg	-57.5	147.40	sol	@ 20 ° C/4 ° C	5.1	@ 20 ° C
CHLORAL HYDRATE 302-17-0	transparent, colorless crystals; large monoclinic plates; colorless or white crystals	@ 764 mm Hg (decomp)	57 ° C	165.42	14.3 g/ml water at 40 ° C	@ 20 ° C/4 ° C
o-CHOROBENZALDEHYDE 89-98-5	colourless to yellowish liquid	211.9	12.4	140.6	sl sol	1.2483		0.04		90 cc	385
CINNAMMICALDEHYDE 104-55-2	yellowish oily liquid; greenish-yellow liquid	253	-7.5	132.15	700 ml	@ 25 ºC/ 25 ºC	4.6	@ 76 ºC		120
CROTONALDEHYDE 4170-30-3	water-white to straw-coloured liquid	104.0	-76.5	70.09	18.1 g/100 g	0.853	2.41	19 mm Hg	2.1 ll 15.5 ul	13 oc	232.2
DICHLOROETHYL FORMAL 111-91-1	colorless liquid	218.1	-32.8	173.05	@ 25 ° C	@ 20 ° C/20 ° C	6.0	@ 20 ° C		110 ° C
2,2-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXOLANE-4-METHANOL 100-79-8	colourless liquid	188-189	-26.4	132.2	misc	1.064	4.6			80 cc
DIMETHYLACETAL 534-15-6	colourless liquid; mobile liquid	64.5	-113	90.1	sol	0.85015	3.1	61 mm Hg
p-DIOXANE 123-91-1	colourless liquid	101.0	11.8	88.10	misc	1.0337	3.03	4.1	2.0 ll 22 ul	12	180
ETHYLHEXALDEHYDE 123-05-7	colourless liquid	163	-76	128.22	insol	0.8540	4.4	0.2	@ 93 ºC, ll	50-52	190-210
FORMALDEHYDE 50-00-0	clear, water-white, very slightly acid, gas or liquid.; formaldehyde solution is a clear, colourless or nearly colourless liquid .	-19.5	-92	30.03	sol	0.8	1.08		7.0 ll 73 ul	flammable gas	300
GLUTARALDEHYDE 111-30-8	colourless liquid	187-189	-14	100.13	sol	0.72	3.4	17 mm Hg
GLYCIDALDEHYDE 765-34-4	colourless liquid	112-113	-62	72.1	misc	1.1403	2.58	@t 25 ºC
3-HYDROXYBUTYRALDEHYDE 107-89-1	clear, white to yellow syrupy liquid; colourless thick liquid	83		88.10	misc	1.103	3.00	21 mm Hg
ISOBUTYLALDEHYDE 78-84-2	transparent, colourless liquid	64.5	-65.9	72.10	sol	0.7938	2.48	@ 25 ºC	1.6 ll 10.6 ul		196
METALDEHYDE 108-62-3		110	47	176.21
METHYLAL 109-87-5	colourless, clear liquid	42	-105	76.09	sol	0.8593	2.6	44	1.6 ll 17.6 ul	-18 oc	237
4-MORPHOLINECARBOXYALDEHYDE 4394-85-8		236.5		115.13
PARAFORMALDEHYDE 30525-89-4	white crystalline powder; white, amorphous powder		155-170	variable polymer	sl sol	@ 15 ºC (solid)		@ 25 ºC	7.0 ll 73.0 ul	71 cc	300
PARALDEHYDE 123-63-7	colourless, transparent liquid	124	12.6	132.16	sl sol	0.9943	4.5	25.3 mm Hg	1.3 ll ? ul
PROPANAL 123-38-6	colourless liquid	49	-81	58.08	sol	@ 25 ºC	2.0	31.3	2.6 ll 16.1 ul	-30	207
SAFROLE 94-59-7	colourless or pale yellow oil; monoclinic crystals	234.5	11.2	162.18	insol	1.1		@ 63.8 ºC		97
TRIOXANE 110-88-3	crystalline solid; rhombic needles from ether; white	114.5	64	90.08	v sol	@ 65 ºC				45
VALERALDEHYDE 110-62-3	colourless liquid	103	-91.5	86.13	sl sol	0.8095	3.0	@ 25 ºC

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:41

Aldehydes & Ketals: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	UN Class/Div / Subsidiary RisksChemical
ACETAL 105-57-7			3
ACETALDEHYDE 75-07-0	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance can form explosive peroxides in contact with air • The substance may polymerize under the influence of acids, alkaline materials, such as sodium hydroxide, in the presence of trace metals (iron) with fire or explosion hazard • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidants • Reacts violently with various organic substances, halogens, sulfuric acid and amines, causing fire and explosion hazard	3
ACROLEIN 107-02-8	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance can form explosive peroxides • The substance may polymerize with fire and explosion hazard • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with alkalis, acids, amines, sulfur dioxide, thiourea, metal salts and oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	6.1/ 3
BUTYLALDEHYDE 123-72-8	The vapour is heavier than air, and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance may polymerize due to heating, under the influence of acids or alkalis • On combustion, forms toxic gases • Reacts with oxidants • Reacts violently with strong acids and bases	3
CHLORAL 75-87-6			6.1
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE 107-20-0	The vapour is heavier than air	Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with water to form a hydrate with the evolution of some heat • Reacts with oxidants and acids, causing explosion hazard • The anhydrous substance can polymerize on standing	6.1
o-CHOROBENZALDEHYDE 89-98-5		The substance decomposes on heating, producing toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride • Acts with iron, strong bases, strong oxidants, strong reducing agents and moisture
CROTONALDEHYDE 4170-30-3			6.1/ 3
2,2-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXOLANE-4-METHANOL 100-79-8		Reacts with oxidants
p-DIOXANE 123-91-1	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible • As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated	The substance can form explosive peroxides • Reacts vigorously with strong oxidants and concentrated strong acids • Reacts explosively with some catalysts (eg, Raney-nickel above 210 °C) • Attacks many plastics	3
2-ETHYL HEXALDEHYDE 123-05-7	The vapour is heavier than air	The substance can form explosive peroxides on long-lasting contact with oxygen or air • The substance polymerize on contact with sodium hydroxide, ammonia, butyl- and dibutylamine, inorganic acids • Reacts with oxidants	3
FORMALDEHYDE 50-00-0			3/ 8
GLYCIDALDEHYDE 765-34-4			3/ 6.1
GLUTARALDEHYDE 111-30-8		Produces acrid smoke and fumes (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide)
3-HYDROXYBUTYRALDEHYDE 107-89-1			6.1
ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE 78-84-2			3
METHYLAL 109-87-5	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance can presumably form explosive peroxides • May explode on heating and on burning producing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxideReacts vigorously with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3
PARAFORMALDEHYDE 30525-89-4	Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air	The substance decomposes on heating producing formaldehyde • Reacts with oxidants • Reacts with strong acids and strong bases producing formaldehyde	4.1
PARALDEHYDE 123-63-7			3
PHENYL CHLOROFORMATE 1885-14-9			6.1/ 8
PROPANAL 123-38-6	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	The substance may polymerize due to heating and under the influence of acids and caustics • On combustion, forms toxic gases (carbon oxides) and combustible gas • Reacts violently with oxidants, acids and bases	3
VALERALDEHYDE 110-62-3

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:40

Aldehydes & Ketals: Health Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Short-Term Exposure	Long-Term Exposure	Routes of Exposure and Symptoms	US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry	US NIOSH Symptoms
ACETALDEHYDE 75-07-0	eyes; skin; GI tract; resp tract; lungs; CNS	skin; lungs; CNS; liver	Inhalation: cough, drowsiness, shortness of breath, unconsciousness, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, burning sensation, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: burning sensation, diarrhoea, dizziness, nausea, vomiting	Eyes; skin; resp sys; kidneys; CNS; repro sys (in animals: nasal cancer) Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, nose, throat; eye, skin burns; derm; conj; cough; CNS depres; delayed pulm edema; in animals: kidney, repro, terato effects; (carc)
ACROLEIN 107-02-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: corrosive, redness, serious skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: corrosive, redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, collapse	Heart; eyes; skin; resp sys Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; decr pulm func; delayed pulm edema; chronic resp disease
BENZALDEHYDE 100-52-7	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: respiratory paralysis, shortness of breath, burning sensation of eye and nose mucosa, cough, dizziness Skin: may be adsorbed, redness, loss of sensation contact dermatitis Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: burning sensation, sensation, confusion,dizziness, drowsiness, headache, shortness of breath, unconsciousness, vomiting, convulsions
BUTYLALDEHYDE 123-72-8	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs		Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: burning sensation
CHLORAL HYDRATE 302-17-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS; kidneys; liver; CVS		Inhalation: Confusion, drowsiness, nausea, unconsciousness. Skin: Redness Eyes: Redness Ingestion: Abdominal pain, vomiting
o-CHOROBENZALDEHYDE 89-98-5	eyes; skin; liver; kidneys	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, burning sensation, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation
2,2-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXOLANE- 4-METHANOL 100-79-8	eyes; CNS		Inhalation: cough, sore throat Eyes: redness Ingestion: weakness
p-DIOXANE 123-91-1	eyes; resp tract; CNS; liver; kidneys	skin	Inhalation: headache, nausea, cough, sore throat, abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, irritant, pain	Liver; kidneys; skin; eyes; resp sys (in animals: lung, liver & nasal cavity tumors)Inh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; drow, head, nau, vomit; liver damage; kidney failure; (carc)
ETHYL HEXALDEHYDE 123-05-7	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, vomiting Skin: may be absorbed, redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
FORMALDEHYDE 50-00-0	eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs	skin	Inhalation: burning sensation inthe nose and throat, cough, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, shortness of breath Skin: redness Eyes: effects will be delayed, redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns	Resp sys; eyes; skin [nasal cancer] Inh, con	Irrit eyes, nose, throat, resp sys; lac; cough; bron spasm; (carc)
GLUTARALDEHYDE 111-30-8	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin; resp tract		Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh, abs, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; derm, sens skin; cough, asthma; nau, vomit
METHYLAL 109-87-5	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, sore throat, unconsciousness Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, defats the skin, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting	Eyes; skin; resp sys; CNS Inh, ing, con	Irrit eyes, skin, upper resp sys; anes
PARAFORMALDEHYDE 30525-89-4	eyes; skin; resp tract	skin	Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness
PROPANAL 123-38-6			Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: burning sensation	Eyes; skin; resp sys; lungs

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:38

Aldehydes & Ketals: Chemical Identification

Chemical Formula	Chemical	Synonyms UN Code	CAS-Number
105577	ACETAL	1,1-Diethoxyethane; Diethyl acetal; Ethylidene diethyl ether UN1088	105-57-7
75070	ACETALDEHYDE	Acetic aldehyde; Acetylaldehyde; Ethanal; Ethyl aldehyde UN1089	75-07-0
107028	ACROLEIN	Allyl aldehyde; Ethylene aldehyde; Propenal; 2-Propenal UN1062	107-02-8
100527	BENZALDEHYDE	Benzene carbaldehyde; Benzenecarbonal; Benzoic aldehyde; Phenylmethanal	100-52-7
123728	BUTYLALDEHYDE	Butanal; Butyral; n-Butyraldehyde; Butyric aldehyde UN1129	123-72-8
107200	CHLOROACETALDEHYDE	2-Chloroacetaldehyde; 2-Chloroethanal UN2232	107-20-0
89985	o-CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE	2-Chlorobenzaldehyde; o-Chlorobenzenecarboxaldehyde	89-98-5
14371109	CINNAMIC ALDEHYDE	Cinnamal; Phenylacrolein; 3-Phenylacrylaldehyde; 3-Phenyl-2-propenal	14371-10-9
4170303	CROTONALDEHYDE	2-Butenal; Crotonic aldehyde; b-methylacrolein UN1143	4170-30-3
111911	DICHLOROETHYL FORMAL	Bis(2-chloroethoxy)-methane; Bis(b-chloroethyl)formal; Bis(2-chloroethyl)formal; Dichloroethyl formal; Di-2-chloroethyl formal; Ethane, 1,1'-(Methylenebis(oxy))bis(2-chloro-; formaldehyde bis–(b-chloroethyl) acetal	111-91-1
100798	2,2-DIMETHYL-1,3-DIOXOLANE-4-METHANOL	2,2-Dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane; 2,2-Dimethyl-4-oxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane; Glycerolacetone; 4-Hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane; Isopropylidene glycerol	100-79-8
534156	DIMETHYLACETAL	1,1-Dimethoxyethane; Dimethyl aldehyde; Ethylidene dimethyl ether; Methyl formyl UN2377	534-15-6
123911	p-DIOXANE	1,4-Diethylene dioxide; Diethylene dioxide; Diethylene ether; Dioxane; 1,4-Dioxane UN1165	123-91-1
123057	2-ETHYLHEXANAL	Butyl ethyl acetaldehyde; Ethylbutylacetaldehyde; Ethylhexaldehyde; 2-Ethylhexaldehyde	123-05-7
50000	FORMALDEHYDE	Methanal; Methyl aldehyde; Methylene glycol; Methylene oxide UN1198 UN2206	50-00-0
111308	GLUTARALDEHYDE	Glutaral; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaric dialdehyde; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione	111-30-8
765344	GLYCIDALDEHYDE	2,3-Epoxypropanal; 2,3-Epoxypropionaldehyde; Glycidal; Propionaldehyde UN2622	765-34-4
107891	3-HYDROXYBUTYRALDEHYDE	Acetaldol; Aldol; 3-Butanolal; Oxybutanal UN2839	107-89-1
78842	ISOBUTYLALDEHYDE	Isobutanal; Isobutyral; Isopropyl formaldehyde; Methyl propanal UN2045	78-84-2
108623	METALDEHYDE	Metacetaldehyde; 2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetroxocane UN1332	108-62-3
109875	METHYLAL	Dimethoxymethane; Dimethyl formal; Formaldehyde dimethylacetal; Methylal; Methylene dimethyl ether UN1234	109-87-5
4394858	4-MORPHOLINECARBOXALDEHYDE	N-Formylmorpholine; 4-Formylmorpholine	4394-85-8
30525894	PARAFORMALDEHYDE	Paraform; Triformol; Trioxymethylene UN2213	30525-89-4
123637	PARALDEHYDE	Paracetaldehyde; Paral; 2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane UN1264	123-63-7
123386	PROPIONALDEHYDE	Methylacetaldehyde; Propaldehyde; Propanal; Propionic aldehyde; Propyl aldehyde UN1275	123-38-6
94597	SAFROLE	5-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxole; Allyldioxybenzene methylene ether; 1-Allyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene; 4-Allyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene	94-59-7
5435643	3,5,5-TRIMETHYLHEXANAL	tert-Butylisopentanal; Isononylaldehyde	5435-64-3
110883	TRIOXANE	Triformol; sym-Trioxane; 1,3,5-Trioxane; Trioxymethylene	110-88-3
110623	VALERALDEHYDE	Amyl aldehyde; Butyl formal; Pentanal; Valeric aldehyde; Valeral UN2058	110-62-3

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:27

Alcohols: Physical & Chemical Properties

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Colour/Form	Boiling Point (ºC)	Melting Point (ºC)	Molecular Weight	Solubility in Water	Relative Density (water=1)	Relative Vapour Density (air=1)	Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa)	Inflam. Limits	Flash Point (ºC)	Auto Ignition Point (ºC)
ALLYL ALCOHOL 107-18-6	mobile liquid; colourless liquid	97	-129	58.08	misc	0.8540	2.00	2.5	2.5 ll 18.0 ul	21 cc	443
BENZYL ALCOHOL 100-51-6	water-white liquid	205	-15.2	108.13	sol	1.04535	3.72	@ 25 ºC	1.3 ll 13 ul	93 cc	436
BUTYL ALCOHOL 71-36-3	liquid	117.2	-89.5	74.12	sol	0.8098	2.6	5.5 mm Hg	1.4 ll 11.2 ul	37 cc
sec-BUTYL ALCOHOL 78-92-2	colourless liquid	99.5	-115	74.12	15.4 g/100 g	0.8063	2.6	@ 30 ºC	@ 100 ºC ul	24 cc	406
tert-BUTYL ALCOHOL 75-65-0	a colourless liquid, which forms rhombic crystals; rhombic prisms or plates	82.4	25.4	74.12	misc	0.7887	2.55	@ 25 ºC	@ 25 ºC ll
2-CHLOROETHANOL 107-07-3	colourless glycerine-like liquid	@ 760 mm Hg	-67.5 °C	80.52	sol	@ 20 °C/4 °C	2.78	@ 20 ºC	4.9% ll 15.9% ul	60 °C cc	425 °C
CYCLOHEXANOL 108-93-0	colourless needles or viscous liquid; hygroscopic crystals	161	25.1	100.2	sol	0.9624	3.5	@ 25 ºC
1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL 96-23-1	colourless slightly viscous liquid	174.3	-4	128.99	v sol	@ 17 ºC/4 ºC	4.4	7 mm Hg
2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANOL 108-82-7	colourless liquid	176-177	<-65	144.3	insol	0.8114	4.97	0.21 mm Hg
2,2-DIMETHYL-1-BUTANOL 1185-33-7		136.5	<-15	102.17	sl sol	0.8283
2,4-DIMETHYL-3-PENTANOL 600-36-2		138.7	0	116.2	sl sol	0.8288
ETHANOL 64-17-5	clear, colourless, very mobile liquid	78.5	-114	46.07	misc	0.789	1.59	@ 19 ºC	3.3 ll 19 ul	13 cc	363
2-ETHYLBUTYL ALCOHOL 97-95-0	colourless liquid	@ 760 mm Hg	less than -15 °C	102.18	slightly sol	@ 20 °C/4 °C		@ 20 °C
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL 104-76-7	colourless liquid	184.6	-76	130.22	insol	0.8344	4.5	0.020	0.88 ll 9.7 ul	81 cc	231
HEPTANOL 111-70-6	colourless liquid	176	-34.6	116.2	sl sol	0.8219				71
HEXANOL 111-27-3	colourless liquid	157	-51.6	102.17	sl sol	0.8136	3.5	@ 24.4 ºC
2-HEXANOL 626-93-7	liquid	136	-23	102.18		0.81				41 cc
ISOAMYL ALCOHOL 123-51-3	oily, clear liquid	131.0	-117	88.1	@ 14 ºC	0.8092	3.04	0.32	@ 100 ºC ul	45	350
sec-ISOAMYL ALCOHOL 528-75-4	colourless liquid	113	-117			0.819				394
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL 78-83-1	colourless liquid	107	-108	74.1	sl sol	0.8	2.56	1.2	1.7 ll 10.9 ul	27	441
ISODECYL ALCOHOL 25339-17-7	colourless liquid	220	7	158.32	insol	0.841	5.5	@ 70 ºC	0.8 ll ? ul	104 oc	285
ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL 26952-21-6	colourless liquid	83-91	<-76	130.3	@ 25 ºC	0.832	4.5	0.05	0.9 ll 5.7 ul	82 oc	277
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 67-63-0	liquid	83	-90	60.09	misc	0.79	2.1	4.4	2 ll 12 ul	117	455
METHANOL 67-56-1	colourless liquid	64.7	-98	32.04	misc	0.7914	1.11	12.3	6 ll 35.6 ul	12 cc	385
2-METHOXYPROPAN-1-OL 1589-47-5		130		90.12		0.938
3-METHOXY 1-BUTANOL 2517-43-3	liquid	160	-85	104.14	misc	0.92	3.59	0.12	1.9 ll ? ul	74	335
2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL 137-32-6	colourless liquid	128	<-70	88.17	sl sol	0.816	3.0	0.42	1.4 ll 9.0 ul	50 oc	385
METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 25639-42-3	colourless liquid; viscous liquid	155-180	-50	114.1	3-4%	@ 15 ºC/15	3.94	@ 30 ºC		68 cc	296
o-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 583-59-5	liquid	163-166	-9.5	114.2	insol	0.93	3.9			58 cc	296
m-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 591-23-1	liquid	163		114.2		0.92				62 cc	295
2-METHYL-4-PENTANOL 108-11-2	colourless liquid	131.6	-60	102.2	sl sol	0.8075	3.5	2.8 mm Hg	1.0 ll 5.5 ul	41
NONANOL 143-08-8	colourless to yellowish liquid	215	-5	144.3	insol	0.8279
OCTANOL 111-87-5	colourless liquid	195	-16	130.22	insol	0.827	4.5	@ 25 ºC
2-OCTANOL 123-96-6	colourless			130.22	@ 25 ºC		4.5	@ 25 ºC
OLEYL ALCOHOL 143-28-2	oily liquid, usually pale yellow; clear, viscous liquid	333	13-19	268.5	insol	0.8489		@ 25 ºC
1-PENTANOL 71-41-0	colourless liquid	137.5	-79	88.15	insol	0.814	3.0	0.13	@ 100 ºC ul	33 cc	300
3-PENTANOL 584-02-1	colourless liquid	116	-8		4.1 g/100 ml	0.82	3.04	930 Pa	1.2 ll 8.0 ul	40 cc	360
tert-PENTYL ALCOHOL 75-85-4	colourless liquid	102	-8.8	88.1	sol	@ 25 ºC/4 ºC				67 cc	819
1-PHENYLETHANOL 98-84-1				122.17
2-PHENYLETHANOL 60-12-8	colourless, viscous liquid	218.2	-27	122.16	sl sol	1.0202	4.21	@ 58 ºC		102
PROPANOL 71-23-8	clear, colourless liquid	97.2	-127	60.09	misc	0.8053	2.1	@ 25 ºC	2.29 ll 13.7 ul	23 cc	412
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL 107-19-7	light to straw coloured liquid; colourless liquid	114-115	-51.8	56.1	sol	0.9715	1.93	1.54	3.4 ll 70 ul	33 oc
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL 97-99-4	colourless liquid	178	<-80	102.1	misc	1.054	3.5 g/l	0.306	1.5 ll 9.7 ul	75 oc	282
TRIDECANOL 112-70-9	crystals	@ 14 mm Hg	32.5	200.4	insol	@ 31 ºC/4 ºC				121 oc
3,5,5-TRIMETHYL-1-HEXANOL 3452-97-9	liquid	194	-70	144.25	0.05 g/100 ml	0.824	5.0	0.030		76

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Published in 104. Guide to Chemicals

Saturday, 06 August 2011 02:23

Alcohols: Physical & Chemical Hazards

Chemical Name CAS-Number	Physical	Chemical	N Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks
ALLYL ALCOHOL 107-18-6	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	On combustion, forms carbon monoxide • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with carbon tetrachloride, nitric acid, chlorosulphonic acid causing fire and explosion hazard	6.1/ 3
BENZYL ALCOHOL 100-51-6		Reacts violently with strong oxidants and acids • Attacks many plastics • Can attack iron, aluminium upon heating • Slow oxidation in the presence of air
BUTYL ALCOHOL 71-36-3			3
sec-BUTYL ALCOHOL 78-92-2			3
tert-BUTYL ALCOHOL 75-65-0			3
2-CHLOROETHANOL 107-07-3			6.1/3
ETHANOL 64-17-5	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed	On combustion, forms toxic gases • Reacts slowly with calcium hypochlorite, silver oxide and ammonia, causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts violently with strong oxidants such as nitric acid, silver nitrate, mercuric nitrate or magnesium perchlorate, causing fire and explosion hazard	3
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL 104-76-7		Reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials
HEXANOL 111-27-3			3
ISOAMYL ALCOHOL 123-51-3	Vapour mixes readily with air	Reacts with strong oxidants
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL 78-83-1			3
ISODECYL ALCOHOL 25339-17-7		The substance decomposes on heating producing acrid smoke and fumes • Reacts with strong oxidants
ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL 26952-21-6		The substance decomposes on heating producing acrid smoke and fumes • Reacts with strong oxidants (analogy with isodecyl alcohol)
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 67-63-0	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed	Reacts with strong oxidants	3
METHANOL 67-56-1	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed	Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard	3/ 6.1
3-METHOXY-1-BUTANOL 2517-43-3		Reacts with oxidants
2-METHYL-4-PENTANOL 108-11-2	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	Reacts with oxidants • Reacts violently with alkali metals causing fire and explosion hazard	3
METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 25639-42-3		On combustion, forms toxic gases	3
o-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 583-59-5			3
m-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL 591-23-1			3
1-PENTANOL 71-41-0	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed	Reacts violently with oxidants	3
3-PENTANOL 584-02-1	The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible	Reacts with strong oxidants	3
2-PHENYLETHANOL 60-12-8		Reacts with strong oxidants, strong acids
PROPANOL 71-23-8	The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed	Reacts with strong oxidants (perchlorates, nitrates)	3
PROPARGYL ALCOHOL 107-19-7	The vapour is heavier than air	Reacts violently with oxidants • Attacks many plastics • On contact with heavy metals, poorly soluble salts may be formed, which may explode on heating
TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL 97-99-4		The substance can presumably form explosive peroxides • The substance decomposes on heating producing acrid smoke and fume • Reacts violently with strong oxidants, several n-chloro- and n-bromoimides causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks many resins and organic materials
3,5,5-TRIMETHYL 1-HEXANOL 3452-97-9	The vapour is heavier than air	May explode on heating • Reacts with strong oxidants, inorganic acids, aldehydes, alkenoxides, acid anhydrides • Reacts with rubber, PVC

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Entertainment and the Arts References

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Entertainment and the Arts References