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104. Guide to Chemicals
 Chapter Editors: Jean Mager Stellman, DebraOsinsky and Pia Markkanen
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Jean Mager Stellman, DebraOsinsky and Pia Markkanen
Chemical Name |
Physical |
Chemical |
UN Class Or Division / Subsidiary Risks |
CHLOROSULPHURIC ACID |
8 |
||
FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID |
8 |
||
HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
The gas is heavier than air |
The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive • Reacts violently with oxidants forming toxic gas (chlorine) • On contact with air it emits corrosive fumes (hydrochloric acid) • Attacks many metals forming combustible gas (HYDROGEN) |
8 |
HYDROFLUOBORIC ACID |
8 |
||
NITRIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on warming producing nitrogen oxides • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials, eg, turpentine, charcoal, alcohol • The substance is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive to metals • Reacts very violently with organic chemicals (eg, acetone, acetic acid, acetic anhydride), causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks some plastics |
8 |
|
PERCHLORIC ACID |
5.1/ 8 |
||
PHOSPHORIC ACID |
The substance violently polymerizes under the influence of azo compounds, epoxides and other polymerizable compounds • On combustion, forms toxic fumes (phosphorous oxides) • The substance decomposes on contact with metals, alcohols, aldehydes, cyanides, ketones, phenols, esters, sulfides, halogenated organics producing toxic fumes • The substance is a medium strong acid • Attacks metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas |
8 |
|
SULPHAMIC ACID |
8 |
||
SULPHURIC ACID |
On combustion, forms toxic fumes (sulphur oxides) • The substance is a strong oxidant and reacts violently with combustible and reducing materials • The substance is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive to most common metals forming a flammable/explosive gas (hydrogen) • Reacts violently with water and organic materials with evolution of heat • Upon heating, irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) (sulphur oxides) are formed |
8 |
For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance.
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Chemical Name |
Colour/Form |
Boiling Point (ºC) |
Melting Point (ºC) |
Molecular Weight (g/mol) |
Solubility In Water |
Relative Density (water=1) |
Relative Vapour Density |
Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa) |
Inflam. Limits |
Flash Point (ºC) |
Auto Ignition Point (ºC) |
BORIC ACID |
colourless, transparent crystals or white granules or powder |
300 |
169 |
61.84 |
1 g/18 ml |
@ 15 ºC |
|||||
CARBONIC ACID |
63.03 |
sol |
|||||||||
CHLOROSULPHURIC ACID |
colourless or slightly yellow liquid |
@ 755 mm Hg |
-80 |
116.53 |
1.753 |
4.02 |
@ 32 ºC |
||||
FLUOROSULPHURIC ACID |
colourless liquid; reddish-brown colour with acetone |
163 |
-89 |
100.07 |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
||||||
HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
-85 |
-114 |
36.46 |
82.3 g/100 ml |
@ 15 ºC/4 ºC |
1.3 |
||||
HYDROFLUOBORIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
130 |
87.82 |
misc |
1.84 |
||||||
NITRIC ACID |
transparent colourless or yellowish liquid |
83 |
-42 |
63.01 |
sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
2-3 |
6.4 |
|||
PERCHLORIC ACID |
colourless, oily liquid |
@ 11 mm Hg |
-112 |
100.47 |
misc |
@ 22 ºC |
|||||
PHOSPHORIC ACID |
unstable orthorhombic crystals or clear syrupy liquid; at 20 deg C, the 50 and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of a syrupy consistency, while the 100% acid is in the form of crystals; viscous, colourless, odorless liquid |
213 |
42.4 |
98.00 |
v sol |
3.4 |
4.0 |
||||
SILICIC ACID |
jelly-like precipitate obtained when sodium silicate solution is acified during drying jelly is converted to a white amorphous powder. |
||||||||||
SULPHAMIC ACID |
orthorhombic crystals; white crystalline solid |
205 |
97.10 |
sol |
2.15 |
||||||
SULPHURIC ACID |
clear, colourless, oily liquid when pure but brownish in hue when impure |
290 |
10.4 |
98.08 |
sol |
1.841 |
3.4 |
0.13 |
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Chemical Formula |
Chemical |
Synonyms |
CAS-Number |
64197 |
ACETIC ACID |
Ethanoic acid; |
64-19-7 |
108247 |
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE |
Acetanhydride; |
108-24-7 |
50782 |
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID |
Acetosalic acid; |
50-78-2 |
79107 |
ACRYLIC ACID |
Ethylenecarboxylic acid; |
79-10-7 |
124049 |
ADIPIC ACID |
Adipinic acid; |
124-04-9 |
50817 |
L-ASCORBIC ACID |
3-Keto-l-gulofuranolactone; |
50-81-7 |
65850 |
BENZOIC ACID |
Benzenecarboxylic acid; |
65-85-0 |
107926 |
BUTYRIC ACID |
Butanic acid; |
107-92-6 |
142621 |
n-CAPROIC ACID |
Butylacetic acid; |
142-62-1 |
115286 |
CHLORENDIC ACID |
1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; |
115-28-6 |
79118 |
CHLOROACETIC ACID |
Monochloroacetic acid; |
79-11-8 |
118912 |
o-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
2-CBA; |
118-91-2 |
535808 |
m-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
3-Chlorobenzoic acid |
535-80-8 |
74113 |
p-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
p-Carboxychlorobenzene; |
74-11-3 |
598787 |
2-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID |
a-Chloropropionic acid |
598-78-7 |
94746 |
4-CHLORO-o-TOLOXYACETIC ACID |
4-Chloro-o-cresoxyacetic acid; |
94-74-6 |
77929 |
CITRIC ACID |
Citro; |
77-92-9 |
5949291 |
CITRIC ACID HYDRATE |
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-Hydroxy-, monohydrate |
5949-29-1 |
3724650 |
CROTONIC ACID |
a-Butenoic acid; |
3724-65-0 |
79436 |
DICHLORACETIC ACID |
Bichloracetic acid; |
79-43-6 |
94757 |
2,4-DICHLORPHENOXYACETIC ACID |
2,4-D; |
94-75-7 |
149575 |
2-ETHYLHEXOIC ACID |
Butylethylacetic acid; |
149-57-5 |
144490 |
FLUOROACETIC ACID |
Pymonic acid; |
144-49-0 |
64186 |
FORMIC ACID |
Aminic acid; |
64-18-6 |
110178 |
FUMARIC ACID |
trans-Butenedioic acid; |
110-17-8 |
149917 |
GALLIC ACID |
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid |
149-91-7 |
79141 |
GLYCOLIC ACID |
Hydroxyacetic acid; |
79-14-1 |
111148 |
HEPTANOIC ACID |
n-Heptoic acid; |
111-14-8 |
79312 |
ISOBUTYRIC ACID |
Dimethylacetic acid; |
79-31-2 |
121915 |
ISOPHTHALIC ACID |
Benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid; |
121-91-5 |
143077 |
LAURIC ACID |
Dodecanoic acid; |
143-07-7 |
110167 |
MALEIC ACID |
cis-Butenedioic acid; |
110-16-7 |
108316 |
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE |
cis-Butenedioic anhydride; |
108-31-6 |
141822 |
MALONIC ACID |
Carboxyacetic acid; |
141-82-2 |
90642 |
MANDELIC ACID |
a-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid; |
90-64-2 |
79414 |
METHACRYLIC ACID |
Methacrylic acid; |
79-41-4 |
112050 |
NONANOIC ACID |
n-Nonylic acid; |
112-05-0 |
112801 |
9-OCTADECENOIC ACID |
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid; |
112-80-1 |
144627 |
OXALIC ACID |
Ethanedioic acid; |
144-62-7 |
57103 |
PALMITIC ACID |
Cetylic acid; |
57-10-3 |
88993 |
PHTHALIC ACID |
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; |
88-99-3 |
85449 |
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE |
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride; |
85-44-9 |
75989 |
PIVALIC ACID |
2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid; |
75-98-9 |
79094 |
PROPIONIC ACID |
Carboxyethane; |
79-09-4 |
123626 |
PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE |
Methylacetic anhydride; |
123-62-6 |
98737 |
p-tert-BUTYL BENZOIC ACID |
p-TBBA |
98-73-7 |
104154 |
p-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID |
p-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid; |
104-15-4 |
69727 |
SALICYLIC ACID |
o-Hydroxybenzoic acid; |
69-72-7 |
57114 |
STEARIC ACID |
Cetylacetic acid; |
57-11-4 |
110156 |
SUCCINIC ACID |
butanedioic acid; |
110-15-6 |
121573 |
SULPHANILIC-ACID |
p-Aminobenzenesulphonic acid; |
121-57-3 |
87694 |
TARTARIC ACID |
2,3-Dihydrosuccinic acid; |
87-69-4 |
100210 |
TEREPHTHALIC ACID |
p-Benzenedicarboxylic acid; |
100-21-0 |
76039 |
TRICHLORACETIC ACID |
TCA |
76-03-9 |
93765 |
TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID |
2,4,5-T |
93-76-5 |
76051 |
TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID |
Perfluoroacetic acid; |
76-05-1 |
552307 |
TRIMELLIC ACID ANHYDRIDE |
4-Carboxyphthalic anhydride; |
552-30-7 |
109524 |
VALERIC ACID |
Butanecarboxylic acid; |
109-52-4 |
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Chemical Name CAS-Number |
ICSC Short-Term Exposure |
ICSC Long-Term Exposure |
ICSC Routes of Exposure and Symptoms |
US NIOSH Target Organs & Routes of Entry |
US NIOSH Symptoms |
ACETIC ACID 64-19-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
skin |
Inhalation: sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, laboured breathing, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, serious skin burns, pain Eyes: pain, redness, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, sore throat, vomiting |
Resp sys; skin; eyes; teeth Inh; con |
Irrit eyes, nose, throat; eye, skin burns; derm; conj; cough; CNS depres; delayed pulm edema; in animals: kidney, repro, terato effects |
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE 108-24-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin |
Inhalation: corrosive, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: corrosive, redness, pain, blisters Eyes: corrosive, redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: corrosive, abdominal pain, sore throat, collapse |
Resp sys; skin; eyes Inh; con |
Conj, lac, corn edema, opac, photo; nasal, phar irrit; cough, dysp, bron; skin burns, vesic, sens derm |
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID 50-78-2 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
liver; kidneys; bladder; GI tract; CVS; CNS; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough, dullness Skin: redness Eyes: redness |
Eyes; skin; resp sys; blood; liver; kidney Inh; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, upper resp sys; incr blood clotting time; nau, vomit; liver, kidney inj |
ACRYLIC ACID 79-10-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, nasal discharge, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, loss of vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: severe burns to lips, mouth and throat, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, unconsciousness, shock |
Eyes, skin, resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, resp sys; eye, skin burns; skin sens; in animals: lung, liver, kidney inj |
|
ADIPIC ACID 124-04-9 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin |
Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain |
||
L-ASCORBIC ACID 50-81-7 |
eyes; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough Eyes: redness Ingestion: only in case of large amount ingested: diarrhoea, vomiting |
|||
BENZOIC ACID 65-85-0 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin |
Inhalation: cough, irritant Skin: redness, irritant Eyes: redness, irritant, pain Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting |
||
n-CAPROIC ACID 142-62-1 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin |
Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, burning sensation, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, sore throat, vomiting |
||
CHLOROACETIC ACID 79-11-8 |
Inhalation: corrosive, burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: corrosive, may be absorbed, redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, collapse |
||||
CITRIC ACID 77-92-9 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: cough |
|||
CITRIC ACID HYDRATE 5949-29-1 |
eyes; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: sore throat, mild burning sensation |
|||
CROTONIC ACID 3724-65-0 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
skin |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: skin burns, burning sensation, pain Eyes: pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, sore throat, vomiting |
||
DICHLOROACETIC ACID 79-43-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, unconsciousness, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, burning sensation, sore throat, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness |
|||
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID 94-75-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Inhalation: headache, nausea, weakness Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, headache, nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness |
Skin; CNS; liver; kidneys Inh; abs; ing; con |
Weak, stupor, hyporeflexia, musc twitch; convuls; derm; in animals: liver, kidney inj |
|
ETHANEDIOIC ACID, DIHYDRATE 6153-56-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; kidneys |
kidneys |
Inhalation: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, dry skin, redness, skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, sore throat, vomiting, weakness, convulsions |
||
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID 149-57-5 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
liver |
Skin: rednessEyes: redness, pain |
||
FLUOROACETIC ACID 144-49-0 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; CVS; CNS; kidneys |
||||
FORMIC ACID 64-18-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
skin |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, shortness of breath, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, serious skin burns, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, diarrhoea, sore throat, vomiting |
Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, throat; skin burns; derm; lac; rhin; cough, dysp; nau |
LACTIC ACID 598-82-3 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, skin burns, pain Eyes: redness, pain, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, burning sensation, nausea, sore throat, vomiting |
|||
MALEIC ACID 110-16-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin; kidneys |
Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing Skin: redness, skin burns, severe irritant Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: burning sensation, see inhalation , |
||
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 108-31-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin |
Inhalation: cough, headache, laboured breathing, nausea, shortness of breath, vomiting Skin: redness, skin burns Eyes: redness, pain, lacrymation, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain |
Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh; ing; con |
Irrit nose, upper resp sys; conj; photo, double vision; bronchial asthma; derm |
METHACRYLIC ACID 79-41-4 |
eyes; skin; mucous membranes; resp tract; lungs |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: redness, skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, loss of vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, burning sensation, weakness |
Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; eye, skin burns |
|
2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOÂACETIC ACID 94-74-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
birth defects |
Inhalation: headache, nausea Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, unconsciousness, vomiting, weakness |
||
OXALIC ACID 144-62-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; kidneys |
skin; kidneys |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, loss of vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: burning sensation, drowsiness, sore throat, vomiting, shock, low back pain |
Resp sys; skin; kidneys; eyes Inh; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb; eye burns; local pain, cyan; shock, collapse, convuls; kidney damage |
PALMITIC ACID 57-10-3 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
skin |
Eyes: redness |
||
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE 85-44-9 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
skin; lungs |
Resp sys; eyes; skin; liver; kidneys Inh; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, upper resp sys; conj; nasal ulcer bleeding; bron, bronchial asthma; derm; in animals: liver, kidney damage |
|
PHTHALIC ACID 88-99-3 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain |
|||
PROPIONIC ACID 79-09-4 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: skin burns, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision, severe deep burns Ingestion: abdominal pain, nausea, sore throat, vomiting, |
Eyes; skin; resp sys Inh; abs; ing; con |
Irrit eyes, skin, nose, throat; blurred vision, com burns; skin burns; abdom pain, nau, vomit |
|
PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE 123-62-6 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing, sore throat, symptoms may be delayed Skin: redness, skin burns Eyes: redness, severe deep burns Ingestion: sore throat, burns |
|||
SALICYLIC ACID 69-72-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; CNS |
skin |
Inhalation: cough, sore throat Skin: may be absorbed, redness, pain Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: nausea, vomiting, ear ringing |
||
STEARIC ACID 57-11-4 |
eyes |
lungs |
Inhalation: cough, laboured breathing Eyes: redness, pain Ingestion: constipation |
||
SULPHANILIC ACID 121-57-3 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; blood |
skin; lungs |
Inhalation: blue lips or finger nails, blue skin, cough, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing, sore throat Skin: redness Eyes: redness Ingestion: blue lips or fingernails, blue skin, dizziness, headache, laboured breathing |
||
TEREPHTHALIC ACID 100-21-0 |
eyes; skin |
Inhalation: cough, irritant Skin: redness, mild irritant Eyes: redness, irritant |
|||
p-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID 104-15-4 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs |
Inhalation: burning sensation, cough, laboured breathing Skin: redness, pain, blisters Eyes: redness, pain, blurred vision Ingestion: burning sensation, sore throat |
|||
2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID 93-76-5 |
eyes; skin; resp tract |
Skin; liver; GI tract Inh; ing; con |
In animals: ataxia; skin irrit, acne-like rash, liver damage |
||
TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE 552-30-7 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; blood |
Inhalation: cough, dizziness, wheezing, chills Skin: redness Eyes: redness, pain |
Eyes; skin; resp sys abs |
Irrit eyes, skin; nose; resp sys; pulm edema, resp sens; rhinitis, asthma, cough, wheez, dysp, mal, fever, musc aches, sneez |
|
VALERIC ACID 109-52-4 |
eyes; skin; resp tract; lungs; CNS |
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Chemical Name CAS-Number |
Physical |
Chemical |
UN Class or Division / Subsidiary Risks |
ACETIC ACID |
The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with oxidants such as chromium trioxide and potassium permanganate • Reacts violently with strong bases • Attacks many metals forming combustible gas |
8 |
|
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE |
The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic fumes and gases including acetic acid • Reacts violently with boiling water, steam, strong oxidants, alcohols, amines, strong bases, and many other compounds • Attacks many metals in presence of water • The liquid is very corrosive, especially in presence of water or moisture |
8/ 3 |
|
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air |
The substance decomposes on contact with hot water or when dissolved in solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • Reacts with strong oxidants, strong acids, strong bases |
|
ACRYLIC ACID |
The vapour is heavier than air • Vapour forms explosive mixture with air |
The substance polymerizes readily due to heating, under the influence of light, oxygen, oxidizing agents such as peroxides or other activators (acid, iron salts), with fire or explosion hazard • Upon heating, toxic fumes are formed • The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts violently with strong bases and amines • Attacks many metals, including nickel and copper |
8/ 3 |
ADIPIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air • If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc. |
The substance decomposes on heating producing volatile acidic vapours of valeric acid and other substances • The substance is a weak acid • Reacts with oxidizing materials |
|
L-ASCORBIC ACID |
The solution in water is a medium strong acid • Attacks many metals in presence of water |
||
BENZOIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air |
The solution in water is a weak acid • Reacts with oxidants |
|
BUTYRIC ACID |
8 |
||
n-CAPROIC ACID |
May explode on heating • On combustion, forms toxic/irritant gases • The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with oxidants (for instance chromium trioxide) causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts vigorously with bases causing heat and pressure rise hazard • Attacks many metals forming combustible gas |
8 |
|
CHLOROACETIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic and corrosive gases (hydrogen chloride, phosgene) • The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive |
6.1/ 8 |
|
CITRIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air |
Reacts with oxidants, reductants, bases |
|
CITRIC ACID HYDRATE |
The solution in water is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with metal nitrates • Reacts with strong bases and oxidants • The substance will corrode copper, zinc, aluminium, and their alloys |
||
CROTONIC ACID |
The substance may polymerize under the influence of UV-light or moisture • The solution in water is a weak acid • Reacts violently with bases, oxidants, reducing agents, causing fire and explosion hazard |
8 |
|
DICHLOROACETIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic and corrosive fumes (phosgene, hydrogen chloride) • The substance is a medium strong acid • Attacks many metals forming flammable hydrogen gas • Attacks rubber |
8 |
|
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing hydrogen chloride and phosgene • The substance is a weak acid • Reacts with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard |
||
ETHANEDIOIC ACID, DIHYDRATE |
The substance decomposes on rapid heating above about 150°C producing toxic gas • The solution in water is a medium strong acid which reacts violently with strong bases • Reacts violently with oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with silver, forming explosive products |
||
2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID |
As a result of flow, agitation, etc, electrostatic charges can be generated • Vapour mixes readily with air |
The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • Reacts with strong oxidants |
|
FLUOROACETIC ACID |
6.1 |
||
FORMIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon monoxide • The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with oxidants • Reacts violently with strong bases causing fire and explosion hazard • Attacks many metals in presence of water • Attacks many plastics |
8 |
|
ISOBUTYRIC ACID |
3/ 8 |
||
LACTIC ACID |
The substance is a medium strong acid • Attacks many metals in presence of water |
||
MALEIC ACID |
On combustion, forms irritating smoke (maleic anhydride) • The substance decomposes on heating and on burning producing highly irritating fumes (maleic anhydride) • The solution in water is a medium strong acid |
||
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE |
The solution in water is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive • Reacts with strong oxidants |
8 |
|
METHACRYLIC ACID |
The substance polymerizes easily due to heating or under the presence of light, oxygen, oxidizing agents such as peroxides, or in the presence of traces of hydrochloric acid, with fire or explosion hazard • The substance decomposes on heating producing acrid fumes • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • The substance is a medium strong acid • Attacks metals |
8 |
|
2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOACETIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride • The substance is a weak acid |
||
OXALIC ACID |
On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming formic acid and carbon monoxide • The substance is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidants • The solution in water is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with strong oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard • Reacts with some silver compounds to form explosive silver oxalate |
||
PALMITIC ACID |
On heating forms carbon oxides • The substance is a weak acid • Reacts with bases, oxidants, and reducing agents |
||
PHTALIC ANHYDRIDE |
8 |
||
PHTHALIC ACID |
The solution in water is a medium strong acid |
||
PROPIONIC ACID |
The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts with oxidants • Attacks many metals in presence of water |
8 |
|
PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE |
The vapour is heavier than air |
On combustion, forms toxic gases • Reacts with oxidants, bases and water |
8 |
SALICYLIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air |
The substance decomposes on heating producing phenol vapours • The substance is a medium strong acid • Reacts violently with strong bases and strong oxidants |
|
STEARIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on heating producing carbon oxides • The substance is a weak acid • Reacts with bases, oxidants and reducing agents |
||
SULPHANILIC ACID |
On combustion, forms toxic gases of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur oxides • The substance decomposes on heating • Reacts with oxidants |
||
TEREPHTHALIC ACID |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air |
Reacts violently with strong oxidants |
|
p-TOLUENESULFONIC ACID |
The substance decomposes on burning producing carbon oxides and sulphur oxides • The substance is a strong acid, it reacts violently with bases and is corrosive • Attacks many metals forming extremely flammable gas |
||
2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID |
6.1 |
||
TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID |
8 |
||
TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE |
Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air • If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc |
Reacts violently with oxidants • Reacts slowly with water to form trimellitic acid |
For UN Class: 1.5 = very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard; 2.1 = flammable gas; 2.3 = toxic gas; 3 = flammable liquid; 4.1 = flammable solid; 4.2 = substance liable to spontaneous combustion; 4.3 = substance which in contact with water emits flammable gases; 5.1 = oxidizing substance; 6.1 = toxic; 7 = radioactive; 8 = corrosive substance.
Â
Chemical Name |
Colour/Form |
Boiling Point (ºC) |
Melting Point (ºC) |
Molecular Weight |
Solubility in Water |
Relative Density (water=1) |
Relative Vapour Density (air=1) |
Vapour Pressure/ (Kpa) |
Inflam. |
Flash Point (ºC) |
Auto Ignition Point (ºC) |
ACETIC ACID |
rhombic crystals (<16.6 ºC melting point); colourless liquid (16.6 ºC melting point) |
118 |
16.6 |
60.05 |
misc |
1.0492 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
4 ll |
39 cc |
426 |
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE |
colourless, very mobile, strongly refractive liquid |
139 |
-73 |
102.10 |
v sol |
@ 15 ºC |
3.5 |
0.5 |
2.9 ll |
49 cc |
316 |
ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID |
monoclinic tablets or needle-like crystals |
135 |
180.15 |
sl sol |
1.40 |
@ 25 ºC |
|||||
ACRYLIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
141 |
14 |
72.06 |
misc |
1.0511 |
2.5 |
0.413 |
2.9 ll |
54 oc |
360 |
ADIPIC ACID |
monoclinic prisms from ethyl acetate, water, or acetone and petroleum ether; fine white crystals or powder |
337.5 |
152 |
146.14 |
sl sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
5.04 |
@ 18.5 ºC |
10 ll |
196 cc |
422 |
L-ASCORBIC ACID |
crystals (usually plates, sometimes needles, monoclinic system); white to slightly yellow crystals or powder |
190-192 |
176.12 |
v sol |
@ 25 ºC |
||||||
BENZOIC ACID |
monoclinic tablets, plates, leaflets; white scales or needle crystals |
249.2 |
122.4 |
122.13 |
@ 20 ºC |
@ 15 ºC/4 ºC |
4.21 |
@ 96 ºC |
121 cc |
570 |
|
BUTYRIC ACID |
oily liquid; colourless liquid |
165.5 |
-7.9 |
88.10 |
misc |
0.9577 |
3.0 |
0.43 mm Hg |
2.0 ll |
72 cc |
443 |
BUTYRYL CHLORIDE |
colourless liquid |
101-102 |
-89 |
106.55 |
slowly with decompoÂsition |
@ 20.6 ºC/4 ºC |
< 21 |
||||
n-CAPROIC ACID |
oily liquid |
205.8 |
-3.4 |
116.16 |
insol |
0.929 |
4.01 |
0.024 |
1.3 ll |
102 oc |
380 |
CHLORENDIC ACID |
crystalline solid |
388.84 |
|||||||||
CHLOROACETIC ACID |
monoclinic prisms; colourless or white crystals; colourless to light-brownish crystals |
189 |
(alpha) 63 ; (beta) 55-56 ; (gamÂma) 50 |
94.50 |
v sol |
1.6 |
3.26 |
@ 43 ºC |
8.0 ll |
126 |
>500 |
o-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
monoclinic prisms from water |
sublimes |
142 |
156.6 |
sol |
1.544 |
@ 25 ºC |
||||
m-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
crystals; prisms from water |
sublimes |
158 |
156.6 |
v sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
@ 25 ºC |
||||
p-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID |
triclinic prisms from alcohol and ether; nearly white coarse powder |
243 |
156.6 |
insol |
@ 25 ºC |
||||||
2-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID |
crystals |
186 |
-12.1 |
108.53 |
misc |
1.2585 |
|||||
CITRIC ACID |
crystals/monoclinic holohedra/crystallize from hot concentrated aq soln; colourless, translucent crystals or white, granular to fine crystalline powder/ rhombic crystals from water with 1 mol of water of crystallization |
decomp |
153 |
192.12 |
v sol |
1.665 |
0.28 ll |
||||
CITRIC ACID HYDRATE |
crystals |
decomp |
100 |
sol |
1.5 |
0.28 ll |
1010 |
||||
CROTONIC ACID |
monoclinic needles or prisms (from water or petroleum ether); colourless needle-like crystals; white crystalline solid |
185 |
71.5-71.7 |
86.09 |
v sol |
@ 15 ºC/4 ºC; 0.964 |
2.97 |
0.024 |
88 |
396 |
|
DICHLOROACETIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
194 |
9.7 |
128.94 |
misc |
1.56 |
4.45 |
0.019 |
|||
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYÂACETIC ACID |
white to yellow crystalline powder; yellow colour is phenolic impurities; colourless powder; white |
@ 0.4 mm Hg |
138 |
221.04 |
insol |
1.6 |
7.6 |
@ 160 ºC |
88 oc |
||
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYÂPROPIONIC ACID |
colourless crystalline solid; white to tan, crystalline solid |
117.5-118.1 |
235.07 |
1.42 |
|||||||
ETHANEDIOIC ACID, DIHYDRATE |
colourless crystals |
sublimes |
102 |
10g/100 ml |
1.7 |
3.1 |
|||||
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
228 |
- 59 |
144.2 |
sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
5.0 |
0.004 |
0.8 ll |
118 oc |
310 |
FLUOROACETIC ACID |
needles; colourless crystals |
165 |
35.2 |
78.04 |
sol |
@ 36 ºC |
@ 25 ºC |
||||
FORMIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
101 |
8.4 |
46.00 |
misc |
1.22 |
1.6 |
4.4 |
14 ll |
69 |
480-520 |
FUMARIC ACID |
needles, monoclinic prisms or leaflets from water; colourless crystals; white crystalline powder |
@ 1.7 mm Hg |
300-302 |
116.07 |
sl sol |
1.635 |
|||||
GALLIC ACID |
prisms from water; needles from absolute methanol or chloroform |
253 |
170.1 |
sl sol |
@ 6 ºC/4 ºC |
||||||
GLYCOLIC ACID |
colourless crystals; rhombic needles from water; leaves from ethanol |
100 |
80 |
76.05 |
sol |
||||||
HEPTANOIC ACID |
clear oily liquid |
223.01 |
-7.5 |
130.2 |
sl sol |
0.92 |
|||||
ISOBUTYRIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
152-155 |
-47 |
88.1 |
v sol |
0.950 |
3.0 |
@ 14.7 ºC |
|||
ISOPHTHALIC ACID |
needles |
sublimes |
347 |
166.13 |
sl sol |
||||||
LACTIC ACID |
colourless liquid or colourless crystals |
16.8-18 |
90.08 |
v sol |
>74 |
||||||
LAURIC ACID |
colourless solid; white, crystalline powder |
298.9 |
44.2 |
200.3 |
insol |
0.883 |
@ 121.0 ºC |
||||
MALEIC ACID |
monoclinic prisms from water; white crystals from water, alcohol & benzene; colourless crystals |
135 |
138-139 |
116.07 |
@ 25 ºC |
1.590 |
4.0 |
||||
MALEIC ANHYDRIDE |
orthorhombic needles from chloroform; commercial grades in fused form, as briquettes; colourless needles or white lumps or pellets; needles from chloroform or ether |
202.0 |
52.8 |
98.06 |
sol |
1.48 |
3.4 |
@ 25 ºC |
1.4 ll |
102 |
475 |
MALONIC ACID |
white crystals |
decomp |
132- 134 |
104.06 |
sol |
1.63 |
|||||
METHACRYLIC ACID |
liquid or colourless crystals; colourless liquid |
163 |
16 |
86.09 |
sol |
1.0153 |
2.97 |
@ 25 ºC |
77 oc |
||
2-METHYL-4-CHLOROPHENOACETIC ACID |
light brown solid; plates from benzene or toluene; white crystalline solid (pure compd); colourless crystalline solid (pure) |
120 |
200.6 |
sl sol |
@ 25 ºC/15.5 ºC |
6.9 |
0.0002 Pa |
||||
METHACRYLIC ACID, 2-DIMETHYLAMINOÂETHYL |
liquid |
62-65 |
-30 |
157.22 |
sol |
@ 25 ºC/5 ºC |
5.4 |
739 oc |
|||
NONANOIC ACID |
colourless, oily liquid at ordinary temp; crystallizes when cooled; yellowish oil |
255 |
12.5 |
158.23 |
insol |
0.9057 |
|||||
OLEIC ACID |
colourless or nearly colourless liquid (above 5-7 ºC); yellowish, oily liquid; water-white liquid |
@ 100 mm Hg |
16.3 |
282.45 |
insol |
@ 25 ºC |
363 |
||||
OXALIC ACID |
anhyd oxalic acid, crystallized from glacial acetic acid is orthorhombic, crystals being pyramidal or elongated octahedra; transparent, colourless crystals or white powder |
157 |
189.5 |
90.04 |
sol |
@ 17 ºC /4 ºC |
|||||
PALMITIC ACID |
white crystalline scales; needles from alcohol |
@ 15 mm Hg |
63-64 |
256.5 |
insol |
@ 62 ºC/4 ºC |
@ 154 ºC |
||||
PHTHALIC ACID |
crystals; plates from water |
decomp |
210-211 |
166.13 |
sl sol |
1.59 |
5.73 |
168 oc |
|||
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE |
white, lustrous needles; colourless or pale yellow solid flakes; colourless needles; monoclinic or rhombic prisms; white needles from alcohol and benzene |
295 |
130.8 |
148.11 |
sl sol |
1.527 |
5.1 |
0.27 Pa |
1.7 ll |
570 |
|
PIVALIC ACID |
coloured crystals |
164 |
35.5 |
102.13 |
sl sol |
@ 50 ºC |
|||||
PROPIONIC ANHYDRIDE |
colourless liquid |
167 |
-45 |
130.2 |
decomposes |
1.01 |
4.5 |
100 |
1.3 ll |
63 |
285 |
PROPIONIC ACID |
colourless liquid; oily liquid |
141 |
-20.8 |
74.09 |
misc |
0.9930 |
2.56 |
0.386 |
2.9 ll |
544 |
955 |
SALICYLIC ACID |
white, fine, needle-like crystals, or fluffy, white crystalline powder; needles in water; monoclinic prisms in alcohol |
211 |
158 |
138.12 |
sl sol |
1.443 |
4.8 |
0.114 |
1.1 ll |
157 |
540 |
STEARIC ACID |
monoclinic leaf from alcohol; white or slightly yellow, crystal masses or powder |
@ 15 mm Hg |
69 |
284.50 |
insol |
0.9408 |
9.80 |
@ 173.7 ºC |
196 |
395 |
|
SUCCINIC ACID |
white minute monoclinic prisms; triclinic or monoclinic prisms |
235 |
188 |
118.09 |
sl sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
|||||
SULPHANILIC ACID |
rhombic plates or monoclinic crystals from water |
288 |
173.2 |
sl sol |
@ 25 ºC/4 ºC |
||||||
TARTARIC ACID |
169 |
150.08 |
|||||||||
TEREPHTHALIC ACID |
needles; white crystals or powder |
402 |
166.13 |
insol |
1.51 |
< 0.001 |
260 |
496 |
|||
p-tert BUTYLBENZOIC ACID |
needles from dilute alcohol |
164.5-165.5 |
178.2 |
insol |
|||||||
p-TOLUENESULPHONIC ACID |
monoclinic leaflets or prisms; colourless crystals |
140 |
106-107 |
172.2 |
v sol |
1.24 |
184 cc |
||||
TRICHLOROACETIC ACID |
crystals; colourless; white solid |
197.55 |
58 |
163.40 |
v sol |
@ 25 C/4 ºC |
@ 51.0 ºC |
||||
2,4,5-TRICHLOROÂPHENOXYACETIC ACID |
white solid; light tan solid |
decomp |
153 |
255.5 |
insol |
1.80 |
< 0.01 mPa |
||||
TRIFLUOROACETIC ACID |
colourless, fuming liquid |
73 |
-15.2 |
114.02 |
sol |
@ 25 ºC |
|||||
TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE |
crystals; colourless solid |
240-245 |
161-163.5 |
192.13 |
reacts |
6.6 |
@ 25 ºC |
1 ll |
|||
VALERIC ACID |
colourless liquid |
186-187 |
-34.5 |
102.15 |
sol |
0.939 |
3.5 |
0.020 |
96 oc |
400 |
Â
Chemical Formula |
Chemical |
Synonyms |
CAS-Number |
107186 |
ALLYL ALCOHOL |
Allylic alcohol; |
107-18-6 |
100516 |
BENZYL ALCOHOL |
Benzenecarbinol; |
100-51-6 |
71363 |
BUTYL ALCOHOL |
n-Butanol; |
71-36-3 |
78922 |
sec-BUTYL ALCOHOL |
2-Butanol; |
78-92-2 |
75650 |
tert-BUTYL ALCOHOL |
tert-Butanol; |
75-65-0 |
108930 |
CYCLOHEXANOL |
Cyclohexyl alcohol; |
108-93-0 |
107073 |
2-CHLOROETHANOL |
Ethylene chlorohydrin; |
107-07-3 |
96231 |
1,3-DICHLORO-2-PROPANOL |
Dichlorohydrin; |
96-23-1 |
1185337 |
2,2-DIMETHYL-1-BUTANOL |
2,2,-Dimethylbutanol |
1185-33-7 |
108827 |
2,6-DIMETHYL-4-HEPTANOL |
Diisobutyl carbinol; |
108-82-7 |
ETHANOL |
Ethyl alcohol; |
64-17-54175 |
|
97950 |
2-ETHYLBUTYL ALCOHOL |
2-Ethylbutanol; |
97-95-0 |
104767 |
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL |
Ethylhexanol; |
104-76-7 |
111706 |
HEPTANOL |
1-Heptanol; |
111-70-6 |
543497 |
2-HEPTANOL |
Amyl methyl carbinol; |
543-49-7 |
111273 |
HEXANOL |
1-Hexanol; |
111-27-3 |
123513 |
ISOAMYL ALCOHOL |
Isobutylcarbinol; |
123-51-3 |
78831 |
ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL |
Isobutanol; |
78-83-1 |
25339177 |
ISODECYL ALCOHOL |
Isodecanol |
25339-17-7 |
26952216 |
ISOOCTYL ALCOHOL |
Isooctanol |
26952-21-6 |
67630 |
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL |
Dimethylcarbinol; |
67-63-0 |
67561 |
METHANOL |
Methyl alcohol; |
67-56-1 |
137326 |
2-METHYL-1-BUTANOL |
D,L-sec-Butyl carbinol; |
137-32-6 |
25639423 |
METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL |
Hexahydrocresol; |
25639-42-3 |
583595 |
o-METHYL CYCLOHEXANOL |
583-59-5 |
|
591231 |
m-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL |
591-23-1 |
|
108112 |
2-METHYL-4-PENTANOL |
Isobutylmethylcarbinol; |
108-11-2 |
143088 |
NONANOL |
n-Nonyl-alcohol; |
143-08-8 |
OCTANOL |
Octyl alcohol; |
111-87-511875 |
|
123966 |
2-OCTANOL |
Capryl alcohol |
123-96-6 |
143282 |
OLEYL ALCOHOL |
Oleol; |
143-28-2 |
71410 |
1-PENTANOL |
Amyl alcohol; |
71-41-0 |
584021 |
3-PENTANOL |
584-02-1 |
|
75854 |
tert-PENTYL ALCOHOL |
tert-Amyl alcohol; |
75-85-4 |
60128 |
PHENYLETHANOL |
Benzyl carbinol; |
60-12-8 |
71238 |
PROPANOL |
Ethyl carbinol; |
71-23-8 |
107197 |